Miss MeanWeed
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THE LITERAL CREATION OF MANKIND AT THE HANDS OF YOU-KNOW-WHAT
by Lloyd Pye
In 1905, a 25-year-old patent clerk named Albert Einstein demolished the 200-year-old certainty that Isaac Newton knew all there was to know about basic physics. In a technical paper only a few pages long, Einstein sent a huge part of his current “reality” to history’s dustbin, where it found good company with thousands of other discards large and small. In 1905, though, Newton’s discard was about as large as the bin would hold.by Lloyd Pye
Now another grand old “certainty” hovers over history’s dustbin, and it seems only a matter of time before some new Einstein writes the few pages (or many pages) that will bring it down and relegate it to history. And, as was the case in 1905, every “expert” in the world laughs heartily at any suggestion that their certainty could be struck down. Yet if facts are any yardstick—which should always be the case but frequently isn’t—Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is moving toward extinction.
Please note this: not everyone who challenges evolution is automatically a Creationist. Darwinists love to tar all opponents with that brush because so much of Creationist dogma is absurd. Creationists mulishly exclude themselves from serious consideration by refusing to give up fatally flawed parts of their argument, such as the literal interpretation of “six days of creation.” Of course, some have tried to take a more reasonable stance, but those few can’t be heard over the ranting of the many who refuse.
Recently a new group has entered the fray, much better educated than typical Creationists. This group has devised a theory called “Intelligent Design,” which has a wealth of scientifically established facts on its side. The ID’ers, though, give away their Creationist roots by insisting that because life at its most basic level is so incredibly and irreducibly complex, it could never have simply “come into being,” as Darwinists insist.
Actually, the “life somehow assembled itself out of organic molecules” dogma is every bit as absurd as the “everything was created in six days” dogma, which the ID’ers understand and exploit. But they also suggest that everything came into existence at the hands of a God or “by means of outside intervention,” which makes clear how they’re betting. “Outside intervention” is a transparent euphemism for (with apologies to J.K. Rowling) You-Know-What, which to Darwinists, Creationists, and ID’ers alike is the most absurd suggestion of all. Yet it can be shown that You-Know-What has the widest array of facts on its side and, in the end, has the best chance of being proved correct.
Virtually every scientist worth their doctorate will insist that somehow, someway, a form of evolution is at the heart of all life forms and processes on Earth. By “evolution” they mean the entire panoply of possible interpretations that might explain how, over vast stretches of time, simple organisms can and do transform themselves into more complex organisms. That broad definition gives science as a whole a great deal of room to bob and weave its way toward the truth about evolution, which is ostensibly its goal. However, among individual scientists that same broadness of coverage means nobody has a “lock” on the truth, which opens them up to a withering array of internecine squabbles.
In Darwin’s case, those squabbles were initially muted. Rightly or wrongly, his theory served a much higher purpose than merely challenging the way science thought about life’s processes. It provided something every scientist desperately needed: a strong counter to the intellectual nonsense pouring from pulpits in every church, synagogue, and mosque in the world. Since well before Charles Darwin was born, men of science knew full well that God did not create the Earth or anything else in the universe in six literal days. But to assert that publicly invited the same kind of censure that erupts today onto anyone who dares to openly challenge evolution. Dogma is dogma in any generation.
Darwin’s honeymoon with his scientific peers was relatively brief. It lasted only as long as they needed to understand that all he had really provided was the outline of a forest of an idea, one that only in broad terms seemed to account for life’s stunningly wide array. His forest lacked enough verifiable trees. Even so, once the overarching concept was crystallized as “natural selection,” the term “survival of the fittest” was coined to explain it to laymen. When the majority of the public became convinced that evolution was a legitimate alternative to Creationism, the scientific gloves came off. Infighting became widespread regarding the trees that made up Darwin’s forest.
Over time, scientists parsed Darwin’s original forest into more different trees than he could ever have imagined. That parsing has been wide and deep, and it has taken down countless trees at the hands of scientists themselves. But despite such thinning, the forest remains upright and intact. Somehow, someway, there is a completely natural force at work governing all aspects of the flow and change of life on Earth. That is the scientific mantra, which is chanted religiously to counter every Creationist—and now Intelligent Design—challenge to one or more of the rotten trees that frequently become obvious.
Even Darwin realized the data of his era did not provide clear-cut evidence his theory was correct. Especially troubling was the absence of “transitional species” in the fossil record. Those were needed to prove that over vast amounts of time species did in fact gradually transform into other, “higher” species. So right out of the chute the theory of evolution was on the defensive regarding one of its cornerstones, and more than 140 years later there are still no clear-cut transitional species apparent in the fossil record.
Because this is the most vulnerable part of Darwin’s theory, Creationists attack it relentlessly, which has forced scientists to periodically put forth a series of candidates to try to take the heat off. Unfortunately for them, in every case those “missing links” have been shown to be outright fakes and frauds. An excellent account is found in “Icons Of Evolution” by Jonathan Wells (Regnery, 2000). But scientists are not deterred by such exposure of their shenanigans. They feel justified because, they insist, not enough time has passed for them to find what they need in a grossly incomplete fossil record.
The truth is that some lengthy fossil timelines are missing, but many more are well accounted for. Those have been thoroughly examined in the past 140-plus years, to no avail. In any other occupation, a 140-year-long trek up a blind alley would indicate a wrong approach has been taken. But not to scientists. They blithely continue forward, convinced of the absolute rightness of their mission and confident their fabled missing link could be found beneath the next overturned rock. Sooner or later, they believe, one of their members will uncover it, so they all work in harmonious concert toward that common goal. Individually, though, it’s every man or woman for themselves.
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Plants and animals evolve, eh? All right, how do they evolve?
By gradual but constant changes influenced by adaptive pressures in their environment that cause physical modifications to persist if they are advantageous.
Can you specify the kind of gradual change you’re referring to?
In any population of plants or animals, over time random genetic mutations will occur. Most will be detrimental, some will have a neutral effect, and some will confer a selective advantage, however small or seemingly inconsequential it might appear.
Really? But wouldn’t the overall population have a gene pool deep enough to absorb and dilute even a large change? Wouldn’t a small change rapidly disappear?
Well, yes, it probably would. But not in an isolated segment of the overall population. An isolated group would have a much shallower gene pool, so positive mutations would stand a much better chance of establishing a permanent place in it.
Really? What if that positive mutation gets established in the isolated group, then somehow the isolated group gets back together with the main population? Poof! The mutation will be absorbed and disappear.
Well, maybe. So let’s make sure the isolated population can’t get back with the main group until crossbreeding is no longer possible.
How would you do that?
Put a mountain range between them, something impossible to cross.
If it’s impossible to cross, how did the isolated group get there in the first place?
If you’re asking me just how isolated is isolated, let me ask you one: What kind of mutations were you talking about being absorbed?
Small, absolutely random changes in base pairs at the gene level.
Really? Why not at the chromosome level? Wouldn’t change at the base pair level be entirely too small to create any significant change? Wouldn’t a mutation almost have to be at the chromosome level to be noticeable?
Who says? Change at that level would probably be too much, something the organism couldn’t tolerate.
Maybe we’re putting too much emphasis on mutations.
Right! What about environmental pressures? What if a species suddenly found itself having to survive in a significantly changed environment?
One where its members must adapt to the new circumstances or die out?
Exactly! How would they adapt? Could they just will themselves to grow thicker fur or stronger muscles or larger size?
That sounds like mutations have to play a part.
Mutations, eh? All right, how do they play a part?
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This game of intellectual thrust and parry goes on constantly at levels of minutia that boggle an average mind. Traditional Darwinists are one-upped by neo-Darwinists at every turn. Quantum evolutionists refashion the work of those who support the theory of peripheral isolates. Mathematicians model mutation rates and selective forces, which biologists do not trust. Geneticists have little use for paleontologists, who return the favor in spades (pun intended). Cytogenetics labors to find a niche alongside genetics proper. Population geneticists utilize mathematical models that challenge paleontologists and systematists. Sociobiologists and evolutionary psychologists struggle to make room for their ideas. All perform a cerebral dance of elegant form and exquisite symmetry.
Their dance is, ironically, evolution writ large throughout science as a process. New bits of data are put forth to a peer group. The new data are discussed, written about, criticized, written about again, criticized some more. This is gradualism at work, shaping, reshaping, and reshaping again if necessary, until the new data can comfortably fit into the current paradigm in any field, whatever it is. This is necessary to make it conform as closely as possible to every concerned scientist’s current way of thinking. To do it any other way is to invite prompt rejection under a fusillade of withering criticism.
This system of excruciating “peer review” is how independent thinkers among scientists have always been kept in line. Darwin was an outsider until he barged into the club by sheer, overpowering brilliance. Patent clerk Einstein did the same. On the other hand, Alfred Wegener was the German meteorologist who figured out plate tectonics in 1915. Because he dared to bruise the egos of “authorities” outside his own field, he saw his brilliant discovery buried under spiteful criticism that held it down for 50 years. Every scientist in the game knows how it is played…and very few dare to challenge its rules.
The restrictions on scientists are severe, but for a very good reason. They work at the leading edges of knowledge, from where the view can be anything from confusing to downright terrifying. Among those who study the processes of life on Earth, they must cope with the knowledge that a surprising number of species have no business being here. In some cases they can’t even be here. Yet they are, for better or worse, and those worst-case examples must be hidden or at least obscured from the general public. But no matter how often facts are twisted, data are concealed, or reality is denied, the truth is out there.
There are two basic forms of plants and animals: wild and domesticated. The wild ones far outnumber the domesticated ones, which may explain why vastly more research is done on the wild forms. But it could just as easily be that scientists shy away from the domesticated ones because the things they find when examining them are so far outside the accepted evolutionary paradigm.
Nearly all domesticated plants are believed to have appeared between10,000 and 5,000 years ago, with different groups coming to different parts of the world at different times. Initially, in the so-called “Fertile Crescent” of modern Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon came wheat, barley, and legumes, among others. Later on, in the Far East, came wheat, millet, rice, and yams. Later still, in the New World, came maize (corn), peppers, beans, squash, tomatoes and potatoes. Many have “wild” predecessors that were apparently a starting point for the domesticated variety, but others—like many common vegetables— have no obvious precursors. But for those that do, such as wild grasses, grains, and cereals, how they turned into wheat, barley, millet, rice, etc., is a profound mystery.
No botanist can conclusively explain how wild plants gave rise to domesticated ones. The emphasis there is on “conclusively.” Botanists have no trouble hypothesizing elaborate scenarios in which Neolithic (New Stone Age) farmers somehow figured out how to hybridize wild grasses and grains and cereals, not unlike Gregor Mendel when he cross-bred pea plants to figure out the mechanics of genetic inheritance. It all sounds so simple and so logical, almost no one outside scientific circles ever examines it closely.
Gregor Mendel never bred his pea plants to be anything other than pea plants. He created short ones, tall ones, and different colored ones, but they were always pea plants that produced peas. (Pea plants are a domesticated species, too, but that is irrelevant to the point to be made here.) On the other hand, those Stone Age farmers who were fresh out of their caves and only just beginning to turn soil for the first time (as the “official” scenario goes), somehow managed to transform the wild grasses, grains, and cereals growing around them into their domesticated “cousins.” Is that possible? Only through a course in miracles.
Actually, it requires countless miracles within two large categories of miracles. The first was that the wild grasses and grains and cereals were useless to humans. The seeds and grains were maddeningly small, like pepper flakes or salt crystals, which put them beyond the grasping and handling capacity of human fingers. They were also hard, like tiny nutshells, making it impossible to convert them to anything edible. Lastly, their chemistry was suited to nourishing animals, not humans. So wild varieties were entirely too small, entirely too tough, and nutritionally inappropriate for humans. They needed to be greatly expanded in size, greatly softened in texture, and overhauled at the molecular level, which would be an imposing challenge for modern botanists, much less Neolithic farmers.
Despite the seeming impossibility of meeting those daunting objectives, modern botanists are confident the first sodbusters had all they needed to do it: time and patience. Over hundreds of generations of selective crossbreeding, they consciously directed the genetic transformation of the few dozen that would turn out to be most useful to humans. And how did they do it? By the astounding feat of doubling, tripling, and quadrupling the number of chromosomes in the wild varieties! In a few cases they did better than that. Domestic wheat and oats were elevated from an ancestor with 7 chromosomes to their current 42, expansion by a factor of six. Sugar cane expanded from a 10-chromosome ancestor to the 80-chromosome monster it is today, a factor of eight. The chromosomes of others, like bananas and apples, only multiplied by factors of two or three, while peanuts, potatoes, tobacco and cotton, among others, expanded by factors of four.
This is not as astounding as it sounds because many wild flowering plants and trees have multiple chromosome sets. But that brings up what Charles Darwin himself called the “abominable mystery” of flowering plants. The first ones appear in the fossil record between 150 and 130 million years ago, primed to multiply into over 200,000 known species. But no one can explain their presence because there is no connective link to any form of plants that preceded them. It is as if….dare I say it?….they were brought to Earth by something akin to You-Know-What. If so, then it could well be they were delivered with a built-in capacity to develop multiple chromosome sets, and somehow our Neolithic forebears cracked the codes for the ones most advantageous to humans.
However the codes were cracked, the great expansion of genetic material in each cell of the domestic varieties caused them to grow much larger than their wild ancestors. As they grew, their seeds and grains became large enough to be easily seen, picked up, and manipulated by human fingers. Simultaneously, the seeds and grains softened to a degree where they could be milled, cooked, and consumed. And at the same time, their cellular chemistry was altered enough to begin providing nourishment to humans who ate them. The only word that remotely equates with that achievement is: miracle.
Of course, “miracle” implies there was actually a chance that such complex manipulations of nature could be carried out by primitive yeomen in eight geographical areas over 5,000 years. This strains credulity because in each case in each area someone had to actually look at a wild progenitor and imagine what it could become, or should become, or would become. Then they had to somehow insure that their vision would be carried forward through countless generations that had to remain committed to planting, harvesting, culling, and crossbreeding wild plants that put no food on their tables during their lifetimes, but which might feed their descendants in some remotely distant future.
It is difficult to try to concoct a more unlikely—even absurd—scenario, yet to modern-day botanists it is a gospel they believe with a fervor that puts many “six day” Creationists to shame. Why? Because to confront its towering absurdity would force them to turn to You-Know-What for a more logical and plausible explanation.
To domesticate a wild plant without using artificial (i.e. genetic) manipulation, it must be modified by directed crossbreeding, which is only possible through the efforts of humans. So the equation is simple. First, wild ancestors for many (but not all) domestic plants do seem apparent. Second, most domesticated versions did appear from 10,000 to 5,000 years ago. Third, the humans alive at that time were primitive barbarians. Fourth, in the past 5,000 years no plants have been domesticated that are nearly as valuable as the dozens that were “created” by the earliest farmers all around the world. Put an equal sign after those four factors and it definitely does not add up to any kind of Darwinian model.
Botanists know they have a serious problem here, but all they can suggest is that it simply had to have occurred by natural means because no other intervention—by God or You-Know-What—can be considered under any circumstances. That unwavering stance is maintained by all scientists, not just botanists, to exclude overwhelming evidence such as the fact that in 1837 the Botanical Garden BIN RAS in St. Petersburg, Russia, began concerted attempts to cultivate wild rye into a new form of domestication. They are still trying because their rye has lost none of its wild traits, especially the fragility of its stalk and its small grain. Therein lies the most embarrassing conundrum botanists face.
To domesticate a wild grass like rye, or any wild grain or cereal (which was done time and again by our Neolithic forebears), two imposing hurdles must be cleared. These are the problems of rachises and glumes, which I discuss in my book, “Everything You Know Is Wrong—Book One: Human Origins” pgs. 283-285 (available now). Glumes are botany’s name for husks, the thin covers of seeds and grains that must be removed before humans can digest them. Rachises are the tiny stems that attach seeds and grains to their stalks.
While growing, glumes and rachises are strong and durable so rain won’t knock the seeds and grains off their stalks. At maturity they become so brittle that a breeze will shatter them and release their cargo to propagate. Such a high degree of brittleness makes it impossible to harvest wild plants because every grain or seed would be knocked loose during the harvesting process. So in addition to enlarging and softening and nutritionally altering the seeds and grains of dozens of wild plants, the earliest farmers had to also figure out how to finely adjust the brittleness of every plant’s glumes and rachises.
That adjustment was of extremely daunting complexity, perhaps more complex than the transformational process itself. The rachises had to be toughened enough to hold seeds and grains to their stalks during harvesting, yet remain brittle enough to be easily collected by human effort during what has come to be known as “threshing.” Likewise, the glumes had to be made tough enough to withstand harvesting after full ripeness was achieved, yet still be brittle enough to shatter during the threshing process. And—here’s the kicker—each wild plant’s glumes and rachises required completely different degrees of adjustment, and the final amount of each adjustment had to be perfectly precise!
In short, there is not a snowball’s chance this happened as botanists claim it did.
As with plants, animal domestication followed a pattern of development that extended 10,000 to 5,000 years ago. It also started in the Fertile Crescent, with the “big four” of cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs, among others. Later, in the Far East, came ducks, chickens, and water buffalo, among others. Later still, in the New World, came llamas and vicuna. This process was not simplified by expanding the number of chromosomes. All animals—wild and domesticated—are diploid, which means they have two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. The number of chromosomes varies as widely as in plants (humans have 46), but there are always only two sets (humans have 23 in each).
The only “tools” available to Neolithic herdsmen were those available to farming kinsmen: time and patience. By the same crossbreeding techniques apparently utilized by farmers, wild animals were selectively bred for generation after generation until enough gradual modifications accumulated to create domesticated versions of wild ancestors. As with plants, this process required anywhere from hundreds to thousands of years in each case, and was also accomplished dozens of times in widely separated areas around the globe. Once again, we face the problem of trying to imagine those first herdsmen with enough vision to imagine a “final model,” to start the breeding process during their own lifetimes, and to have it carried out over centuries until the final model was achieved.
This was much trickier than simply figuring out which animals had a strong pack or herding instinct that would eventually allow humans to take over as “leaders” of the herd or pack. For example, it took serious cajones to decide to bring a wolf cub into a campsite with the intention of teaching it to kill and eat selectively, and to earn its keep by barking at intruders (adult wolves rarely bark). And who could look at the massive, fearsome, ill-tempered aurochs and visualize a much smaller, much more amiable cow? Even if somebody could have visualized it, how could they have hoped to accomplish it? An aurochs calf (or a wolf cub for that matter) carefully and lovingly raised by human “parents” would still grow up to be a full-bodied adult with hard-wired adult instincts.
However it was done, it wasn’t by crossbreeding. Entire suites of genes must be modified to change the physical characteristics of animals. (In an interesting counterpoint to wild and domesticated plants, domesticated animals are usually smaller than their wild progenitors). But with animals something more…something ineffable…must be changed to alter their basic natures from wild to docile. To accomplish it remains beyond modern abilities, so attributing such capacity to Neolithic humans is an insult to our intelligence.
All examples of plant and animal “domestication” are incredible in their own right, but perhaps the most incredible is the cheetah. There is no question it was one of the first tamed animals, with a history stretching back to early Egypt, India, and China. As with all such examples, it could only have been created through selective breeding by Neolithic hunters, gatherers, or early farmers. One of those three must get the credit.
The cheetah is the most easily tamed and trained of all the big cats. No reports are on record of a cheetah killing a human. It seems specifically created for high speeds, with an aerodynamically designed head and body. Its skeleton is lighter than other big cats; its legs are long and slim, like the legs of a greyhound. Its heart, lungs, kidneys, and nasal passages are enlarged, allowing its breathing to jump from 60 per minute at rest to 150 bpm during a chase. Its top speed is 70 miles per hour while a thoroughbred tops out at around 38 mph. Nothing on a savanna can outrun it. It can be outlasted, but not outrun.
Cheetahs are unique because they combine physical traits of two distinctly different animal families: dogs and cats. They belong to the family of cats, but they look like long-legged dogs. They sit and hunt like dogs. They can only partially retract their claws, like dogs instead of cats. Their paws are thick and hard like dogs. They contract diseases that only dogs suffer from. The light-colored fur on their body is like the fur of a shorthaired dog. However, to climb trees they use the first claw on their front paws in the same way that cats do. In addition to their “dog only” diseases, they also get “cat only” ones. And the black spots on their bodies are, inexplicably, the texture of cat’s fur.
There is something even more inexplicable about cheetahs. Genetic tests have been done on them and the surprising result was that in the 50 specimens tested, they were all—every one—genetically identical with all the others! This means the skin or internal organs of any of the thousands of cheetahs in the world could be switched with the organs of any other cheetah and not be rejected. The only other place such physical homogeneity is seen is in rats and other animals that have been genetically altered in labs.
Cue the music from “The Twilight Zone”….
Cheetahs stand apart, of course, but all domesticated animals have traits that are not explainable in terms that stand up to rigorous scientific scrutiny. Rather than deal with the embarrassment of confronting such issues, scientists studiously ignore them and, as with the mysteries of domesticated plants, explain them away as best they can. For the cheetah, they insist it simply can not be some kind of weird genetic hybrid between cats and dogs, even though the evidence points squarely in that direction. And why? Because that, too, would move cheetahs into the forbidden zone occupied by You-Know-What.
The problem of the cheetahs’ genetic uniformity is explained by something now known as the “bottleneck effect.” What it presumes is that the wild cheetah population—which must have been as genetically diverse as its long history indicates—at some recent point in time went into a very steep population decline that left only a few breeding pairs alive. From that decimation until now they have all shared the same restricted gene pool. Unfortunately, there is no record of any extinction events that would selectively remove cheetahs and leave every other big cat to develop its expected genetic variation. So for as unlikely as it seems, the “bottleneck” theory is accepted as another scientific gospel.
Here it is appropriate to remind scientists of Carl Sagan’s famous riposte when dealing with their reviled pseudoscience: “Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.” It seems apparent that Sagan learned that process in-house. It also leads us, finally, to a discussion of humans, who are so genetically recent that we, too, have been forced into one of those “bottleneck effects” that attempt to explain away the cheetah.
Like all plants and animals, whether wild or domesticated, humans are supposed to be the products of slight, gradual improvements to countless generations spawned by vastly more primitive forebears. This was firmly believed by all scientists in the 1980’s, when a group of geneticists decided to try to establish a more accurate date for when humans and chimps split from their presumed common ancestor. Paleontologists used fossilized bones to establish a timeline that indicated the split came between five and eight million years ago. That wide bracket could be narrowed, geneticists believed, by charting mutations in human mitochondrial DNA, small bits of DNA floating outside the nuclei of our cells. So they went to work collecting samples from all over the world.
When the results were in, none of the geneticists could believe it. They had to run their samples through again and again to be certain. Even then, there was hesitancy about announcing it. Everyone knew there would be a firestorm of controversy, starting with the paleontologists, who would be given the intellectual equivalent of a black eye and a bloody nose, and their heads dunked into a toilet for good measure. This would publicly embarrass them in a way that had not happened since the Piltdown hoax was exposed.
Despite the usual scientific practice of keeping a lid on data that radically differed with a current paradigm, the importance of this new evidence finally outweighed concern for the image and feelings of paleontologists. The geneticists gathered their courage and stepped into the line of fire, announcing that humans were not anywhere near the official age range of eight to five million years old. Humans were only about 200,000 years old. As expected, the howls of protest were deafening.
Time and much more testing of mitochondrial DNA and male Y-chromosomes now make it beyond doubt that the geneticists were correct. And the paleontologists have come to accept it because geneticists were able to squeeze humans through the same kind of “bottleneck effect” they used to try to ameliorate the mystery of cheetahs. By doing so they left paleontologists able to still insist that humans evolved from primitive forebears walking upright on the savannahs of Africa as long as five million years ago, but between 100,000 and 200,000 years ago “something” happened to destroy nearly all humans alive at the time, forcing them to start reproducing again from a small population of survivors.
That the “something” remains wholly unknown is a given, although Creationists wildly wave their hands like know-it-alls at the back of a classroom, desperate to suggest it was the Great Flood. But because they refuse to move away from the Biblical timeline of the event (in the range of 6,000 years ago), nobody can take them seriously. Still, it seems the two sides might work together productively on this crucial issue. If only…..
Apart from disputes about the date and circumstances of our origin as a species, there are plenty of other problems with humans. Like domesticated plants and animals, humans stand well outside the classic Darwinian paradigm. Darwin himself made the observation that humans were surprisingly like domesticated animals. In fact, we are so unusual relative to other primates that it can be solidly argued we do not belong on Earth at all….that we are not even from Earth because we do not seem to have developed here.
We are taught that by every scientific measure humans are primates very closely related to all other primates, especially to chimpanzees and gorillas. This is so ingrained in our psyches it seems futile to even examine it, much less challenge it. But we will.
Bones. Human bones are much lighter than comparable primate bones. For that matter, our bones are much lighter than the bones of every “prehuman” ancestor through Neanderthal. The ancestor bones look like primate bones; modern human bones do not.
Muscle. Human muscles are significantly weaker than comparable muscles in primates. Pound-for-pound we are five to ten times weaker than any other primate. Any pet monkey is evidence of that. Somehow getting “better” made us much, much weaker.
Skin. Human skin is not well adapted to the amount of sunlight striking Earth. It can be modified to survive extended exposure by greatly increasing melanin (its dark pigment) at its surface, which only the black race has achieved. All others must cover themselves with clothing or frequent shade or both, or sicken from radiation poisoning.
Body Hair. Primates need not worry about direct exposure to sunlight because they are covered from head to toe in a distinctive pattern of long body hair. Because they are quadrupeds (move on all fours), the thickest is on their back, the thinnest on the chest and abdomen. Humans have lost the all-over pelt, and we have completely switched our area of thickness to the chest and abdomen while wearing the thin part on our backs.
Fat. Humans have ten times as many fat cells attached to the underside of their skin as primates. If a primate is wounded by a gash or tear in the skin, when the bleeding stops the wound’s edges lay flat near each other and can quickly close the wound by a process called “contracture.” In humans the fat layer is so thick that it pushes up through wounds and makes contracture difficult if not impossible. Also, contrary to propaganda to try to explain this oddity, the fat under human skin does not compensate for the body hair we have lost. Only in water is its insulating capacity useful; in air it is minimal at best.
Head Hair. All primates have head hair that grows to a certain length and stops. Human head hair grows to such lengths that it could be dangerous in a primitive situation. Thus, we have been forced to cut our head hair since we became a species, which might account for the sharp flakes of stones that are considered primitive hominid “tools.”
Fingernails & Toenails. All primates have fingernails and toenails that grow to a certain length and then stop, never needing paring. Human fingernails and toenails have always needed paring. Again, maybe those stone “tools” were not for butchering animals.
Skulls. The human skull is nothing like the primate skull. There is hardly any fair morphological comparison to be made apart from the general parts being the same. Their design and assembly are so radically different as to make attempts at comparison useless.
Brains. The comparison here is even more radical because human brains are so vastly different. (To say “improved” or “superior” is unfair and not germane because primate brains work perfectly well for what primates have to do to live and reproduce.)
Locomotion. The comparison here is easily as wide as the comparison of brains and skulls. Humans are bipedal, primates are quadrupeds. That says more than enough.
Speech. Human throats are completely redesigned relative to primates. The larynx has dropped to a much lower position so humans can break typical primate sounds into the tiny pieces of sound (by modulation) that have come to be human speech.
Sex. Primate females have estrous cycles and are sexually receptive only at special times. Human females have no estrous cycle in the primate sense. They are continually receptive to sex. (Unless, of course, they have the proverbial headache.)
Chromosomes. This is the most inexplicable difference of all. Primates have 48 chromosomes. Humans are considered vastly superior to them in a wide array of areas, yet somehow we have only 46 chromosomes! This begs the question of how could we lose two full chromosomes, which represents a lot of DNA, in the first place? And in the process, how could we become so much better? Nothing about it makes logical sense.
Genetic Disorders. As with all wild animals (plants, too), primates have relatively few genetic disorders spread throughout their gene pools. Albinism is one that is common to many animal groups, as well as humans. But albinism does not stop an animal with it from growing up and passing the gene for it into the gene pool. Mostly, though, serious defects are quickly weeded out in the wild. Often parents or others in a group will do the job swiftly and surely. So wild gene pools stay relatively clear. In contrast, humans have over 4,000 genetic disorders, and several of those will absolutely kill every victim before reproduction is possible. This begs the question of how such defects could possibly get into the human gene pool in the first place, much less how do they remain widespread?
Genetic Relatedness. A favorite Darwinist statistic is that the total genome (all the DNA) of humans differs from chimps by only 1% and from gorillas by 2%. This makes it seem as if evolution is indeed correct and that humans and primates are virtually kissing cousins. However, what they don’t stress is that 1% of the human genome’s 3 billion base pairs is 30 million base pairs, and to any You-Know-What that can adroitly manipulate genes, 30 million base pairs can easily add up to a tremendous amount of difference.
Everything Else. The above are the larger categories at issue in the discrepancies between primates and humans. There are dozens more listed as sub-categories below one or more of these. To delve deeper into these fascinating mysteries, check “The Scars Of Evolution” by Elaine Morgan (Oxford University Press, 1990). Her work is remarkable. And for a more in-depth discussion of the mysteries within our genes and in those of domesticated plants and animals, I cover it extensively in “Everything You Know Is Wrong” (available now).
When all of the above is taken together—the inexplicable puzzles presented by domesticated plants, domesticated animals, and humans—it is clear that Darwin cannot explain it, modern scientists cannot explain it, not Creationists nor Intelligent Designers. None of them can explain it because it is not explainable in only Earthbound terms. We will not answer these questions with any degree of satisfaction until our scientists open their minds and squelch their egos enough to acknowledge that they do not, in fact, know much about their own back yard. Until that happens, the truth will remain obscured.
My personal opinion, which is based on a great deal of independent research in a wide range of disciplines relating to human origins, is that ultimately Charles Darwin will be best known for his observation that humans are essentially like domesticated animals. I believe what Darwin observed with his own eyes and research is the truth, and modern scientists would see it as clearly as he did if only they had the motivation, or the courage, to seek it out. But for now they don’t, so until then we can only poke and prod at them in the hope of someday getting them to notice our complaints and address them.
In order to poke and prod successfully, more people have to be alerted to the fact that another scientific fraud is being perpetrated. Later editions of “Icons Of Evolution” will discuss the current era when scientists ridiculed, ignored, or simply refused to deal with a small mountain of direct, compelling evidence that outside intervention has clearly been at work in the genes of domesticated plants, animals, and humans. You-Know-What has left traces of their handiwork all over our bodies, all through our gene pools, and all that will be required is for a few “insiders” to break ranks with their brainwashed peers.
Look to the younger generation. Without mortgages to pay, families to raise, and retirements to prepare for, they can find the courage to act on strong convictions. Don’t expect it of anyone over forty, possibly even thirty. But somewhere in the world the men and women have been born who will take Darwinism down and replace it with the truth.
The fat lady is nowhere in sight, but that doesn’t mean she’s not suiting up.
http://www.lloydpye.com/flash/14-Domestication.swf -interesting quick slideshow article with pics about plant and animal domestication and it's apparent improbabilities.
P
PadawanBater
Guest
Hey MMW, these articles are too long for most people, pick out the specifics and talk about that in your own words, that's the most effective way to get things across. Plus, I’ve heard EVERY ARGUMENT included in this article a thousand times before..
But I’m an insomniac... so I’ll tear it apart..
THE LITERAL CREATION OF MANKIND AT THE HANDS OF YOU-KNOW-WHAT
by Lloyd Pye
In 1905, a 25-year-old patent clerk named Albert Einstein demolished the 200-year-old certainty that Isaac Newton knew all there was to know about basic physics. In a technical paper only a few pages long, Einstein sent a huge part of his current “reality” to history’s dustbin, where it found good company with thousands of other discards large and small. In 1905, though, Newton’s discard was about as large as the bin would hold.
...right, this is where the author starts off mentioning how science is progressive and that it changes over time when new discoveries are made. He does this so the reader says “oh well everyone thinks evolution is true just like they thought Newton’s theories were true and he was proved wrong... hmm...”... so that later he can bring it up again and say “see, just because everyone believes it doesn’t mean it’s true, it just means they’ve been brainwashed!”...
Now another grand old “certainty” hovers over history’s dustbin, and it seems only a matter of time before some new Einstein writes the few pages (or many pages) that will bring it down and relegate it to history. And, as was the case in 1905, every “expert” in the world laughs heartily at any suggestion that their certainty could be struck down. Yet if facts are any yardstick—which should always be the case but frequently isn’t—Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is moving toward extinction.
Gee...how did I guess that?
Evolution is a fact, it is the backbone of biology, without it, nothing makes any sense. Every discovery ever made by human beings fits into the theory and adds another piece to the whole picture.
Please note this: not everyone who challenges evolution is automatically a Creationist.
99% of people who do not accept the theory of evolution are either clouded by religious dogma or simply ignorant of it. There’s nothing wrong with the latter, but the former is where the problems arise. I was once ignorant of it too. It’s reasonable to expect someone who does not know a goddamn thing about anything to question its validity, and the theory of evolution is extremely complicated when you get down to the specifics. It takes years of education to understand such concepts correctly.
Actually, the “life somehow assembled itself out of organic molecules” dogma is every bit as absurd as the “everything was created in six days” dogma, which the ID’ers understand and exploit. But they also suggest that everything came into existence at the hands of a God or “by means of outside intervention,” which makes clear how they’re betting. “Outside intervention” is a transparent euphemism for (with apologies to J.K. Rowling) You-Know-What, which to Darwinists, Creationists, and ID’ers alike is the most absurd suggestion of all. Yet it can be shown that You-Know-What has the widest array of facts on its side and, in the end, has the best chance of being proved correct.
These statements are totally wrong and completely misleading. First, the theory of EVOLUTION says nothing about the origins of LIFE, just the diversity of life over time. And second, the scientists who are studying the origins of life are admitting they do not know how it got started, we have not discovered the answer to that question (as if it would matter and you guys wouldn’t deny that to the grave too..). What respected scientist would come out and make a statement about such a profound question with nothing to back it up? Lmfao... they wouldn’t.
Virtually every scientist worth their doctorate will insist that somehow, someway, a form of evolution is at the heart of all life forms and processes on Earth. By “evolution” they mean the entire panoply of possible interpretations that might explain how, over vast stretches of time, simple organisms can and do transform themselves into more complex organisms.
Right... so here we have a guy admitting micro-evolution happens, but denies macro-evolution. Again, very common, but here’s a statement to help the creationist mind put it in perspective; If you changed 1 million different things about yourself, do you think your own mother would be able to recognize you? 1 million different things.
In Darwin’s case, those squabbles were initially muted. Rightly or wrongly, his theory served a much higher purpose than merely challenging the way science thought about life’s processes. It provided something every scientist desperately needed: a strong counter to the intellectual nonsense pouring from pulpits in every church, synagogue, and mosque in the world. Since well before Charles Darwin was born, men of science knew full well that God did not create the Earth or anything else in the universe in six literal days. But to assert that publicly invited the same kind of censure that erupts today onto anyone who dares to openly challenge evolution. Dogma is dogma in any generation.
The author attempts to make the scientists appear as if they have an alternate agenda instead of genuine inquiry. Can’t trust those mad scientists! What with their crazy facts about stuff that we use..
Even Darwin realized the data of his era did not provide clear-cut evidence his theory was correct. Especially troubling was the absence of “transitional species” in the fossil record. Those were needed to prove that over vast amounts of time species did in fact gradually transform into other, “higher” species. So right out of the chute the theory of evolution was on the defensive regarding one of its cornerstones, and more than 140 years later there are still no clear-cut transitional species apparent in the fossil record.
We don't need ANY fossils to prove the theory is correct. Without a single one the theory would stand on mountains of evidence.
Because this is the most vulnerable part of Darwin’s theory, Creationists attack it relentlessly, which has forced scientists to periodically put forth a series of candidates to try to take the heat off. Unfortunately for them, in every case those “missing links” have been shown to be outright fakes and frauds. An excellent account is found in “Icons Of Evolution” by Jonathan Wells (Regnery, 2000). But scientists are not deterred by such exposure of their shenanigans. They feel justified because, they insist, not enough time has passed for them to find what they need in a grossly incomplete fossil record.
This is bullshit. This retarded author simply does not understand that every single fossil ever discovered is a TRANSITIONAL one. Even you and me, our skeletons if preserved would be TRANSITIONAL from your parents generation to your kids generation, you are the TRANSITION in between. If you took measurements from the very first human beings out of Africa and compared them to modern humans, they would be EXTREMELY different in physical appearance but EXTREMELY similar in genetic information.
The guy also puts fourth one of the worst arguments coming from the creationist batting box, this shit literally gets bunted back into the pitchers glove it’s so full of logical fail. If you have 10 scientists who spend 20 years figuring shit out, say between them they figured out a total of 40 things, then it comes to light that one of the guys is an ex-con rapist baby killer, his information cannot be trusted! ---... how the fuck does that discredit all the other discoveries made by the other scientists WHO DIDN’T LIE about anything? To deny the theory of evolution is to accept a global conspiracy.
The truth is that some lengthy fossil timelines are missing, but many more are well accounted for. Those have been thoroughly examined in the past 140-plus years, to no avail. In any other occupation, a 140-year-long trek up a blind alley would indicate a wrong approach has been taken. But not to scientists. They blithely continue forward, convinced of the absolute rightness of their mission and confident their fabled missing link could be found beneath the next overturned rock. Sooner or later, they believe, one of their members will uncover it, so they all work in harmonious concert toward that common goal. Individually, though, it’s every man or woman for themselves.
Fuck! How stupid could you be! I’m sitting here in awe hoping this guy didn’t get this shitty article published anywhere kids could possibly read it. It’s nothing but propaganda. I couldn’t emphasize this anymore – every single fossil ever found, EVER, fits into the theory of evolution. We’ve even made discoveries based on predictions made by the theory of evolution. Talk about fulfilled prophecy – there you go.
That’s a start... but you get the idea.
Post better material.
But I’m an insomniac... so I’ll tear it apart..
THE LITERAL CREATION OF MANKIND AT THE HANDS OF YOU-KNOW-WHAT
by Lloyd Pye
In 1905, a 25-year-old patent clerk named Albert Einstein demolished the 200-year-old certainty that Isaac Newton knew all there was to know about basic physics. In a technical paper only a few pages long, Einstein sent a huge part of his current “reality” to history’s dustbin, where it found good company with thousands of other discards large and small. In 1905, though, Newton’s discard was about as large as the bin would hold.
...right, this is where the author starts off mentioning how science is progressive and that it changes over time when new discoveries are made. He does this so the reader says “oh well everyone thinks evolution is true just like they thought Newton’s theories were true and he was proved wrong... hmm...”... so that later he can bring it up again and say “see, just because everyone believes it doesn’t mean it’s true, it just means they’ve been brainwashed!”...
Now another grand old “certainty” hovers over history’s dustbin, and it seems only a matter of time before some new Einstein writes the few pages (or many pages) that will bring it down and relegate it to history. And, as was the case in 1905, every “expert” in the world laughs heartily at any suggestion that their certainty could be struck down. Yet if facts are any yardstick—which should always be the case but frequently isn’t—Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is moving toward extinction.
Gee...how did I guess that?
Evolution is a fact, it is the backbone of biology, without it, nothing makes any sense. Every discovery ever made by human beings fits into the theory and adds another piece to the whole picture.
Please note this: not everyone who challenges evolution is automatically a Creationist.
99% of people who do not accept the theory of evolution are either clouded by religious dogma or simply ignorant of it. There’s nothing wrong with the latter, but the former is where the problems arise. I was once ignorant of it too. It’s reasonable to expect someone who does not know a goddamn thing about anything to question its validity, and the theory of evolution is extremely complicated when you get down to the specifics. It takes years of education to understand such concepts correctly.
Actually, the “life somehow assembled itself out of organic molecules” dogma is every bit as absurd as the “everything was created in six days” dogma, which the ID’ers understand and exploit. But they also suggest that everything came into existence at the hands of a God or “by means of outside intervention,” which makes clear how they’re betting. “Outside intervention” is a transparent euphemism for (with apologies to J.K. Rowling) You-Know-What, which to Darwinists, Creationists, and ID’ers alike is the most absurd suggestion of all. Yet it can be shown that You-Know-What has the widest array of facts on its side and, in the end, has the best chance of being proved correct.
These statements are totally wrong and completely misleading. First, the theory of EVOLUTION says nothing about the origins of LIFE, just the diversity of life over time. And second, the scientists who are studying the origins of life are admitting they do not know how it got started, we have not discovered the answer to that question (as if it would matter and you guys wouldn’t deny that to the grave too..). What respected scientist would come out and make a statement about such a profound question with nothing to back it up? Lmfao... they wouldn’t.
Virtually every scientist worth their doctorate will insist that somehow, someway, a form of evolution is at the heart of all life forms and processes on Earth. By “evolution” they mean the entire panoply of possible interpretations that might explain how, over vast stretches of time, simple organisms can and do transform themselves into more complex organisms.
Right... so here we have a guy admitting micro-evolution happens, but denies macro-evolution. Again, very common, but here’s a statement to help the creationist mind put it in perspective; If you changed 1 million different things about yourself, do you think your own mother would be able to recognize you? 1 million different things.
In Darwin’s case, those squabbles were initially muted. Rightly or wrongly, his theory served a much higher purpose than merely challenging the way science thought about life’s processes. It provided something every scientist desperately needed: a strong counter to the intellectual nonsense pouring from pulpits in every church, synagogue, and mosque in the world. Since well before Charles Darwin was born, men of science knew full well that God did not create the Earth or anything else in the universe in six literal days. But to assert that publicly invited the same kind of censure that erupts today onto anyone who dares to openly challenge evolution. Dogma is dogma in any generation.
The author attempts to make the scientists appear as if they have an alternate agenda instead of genuine inquiry. Can’t trust those mad scientists! What with their crazy facts about stuff that we use..
Even Darwin realized the data of his era did not provide clear-cut evidence his theory was correct. Especially troubling was the absence of “transitional species” in the fossil record. Those were needed to prove that over vast amounts of time species did in fact gradually transform into other, “higher” species. So right out of the chute the theory of evolution was on the defensive regarding one of its cornerstones, and more than 140 years later there are still no clear-cut transitional species apparent in the fossil record.
We don't need ANY fossils to prove the theory is correct. Without a single one the theory would stand on mountains of evidence.
Because this is the most vulnerable part of Darwin’s theory, Creationists attack it relentlessly, which has forced scientists to periodically put forth a series of candidates to try to take the heat off. Unfortunately for them, in every case those “missing links” have been shown to be outright fakes and frauds. An excellent account is found in “Icons Of Evolution” by Jonathan Wells (Regnery, 2000). But scientists are not deterred by such exposure of their shenanigans. They feel justified because, they insist, not enough time has passed for them to find what they need in a grossly incomplete fossil record.
This is bullshit. This retarded author simply does not understand that every single fossil ever discovered is a TRANSITIONAL one. Even you and me, our skeletons if preserved would be TRANSITIONAL from your parents generation to your kids generation, you are the TRANSITION in between. If you took measurements from the very first human beings out of Africa and compared them to modern humans, they would be EXTREMELY different in physical appearance but EXTREMELY similar in genetic information.
The guy also puts fourth one of the worst arguments coming from the creationist batting box, this shit literally gets bunted back into the pitchers glove it’s so full of logical fail. If you have 10 scientists who spend 20 years figuring shit out, say between them they figured out a total of 40 things, then it comes to light that one of the guys is an ex-con rapist baby killer, his information cannot be trusted! ---... how the fuck does that discredit all the other discoveries made by the other scientists WHO DIDN’T LIE about anything? To deny the theory of evolution is to accept a global conspiracy.
The truth is that some lengthy fossil timelines are missing, but many more are well accounted for. Those have been thoroughly examined in the past 140-plus years, to no avail. In any other occupation, a 140-year-long trek up a blind alley would indicate a wrong approach has been taken. But not to scientists. They blithely continue forward, convinced of the absolute rightness of their mission and confident their fabled missing link could be found beneath the next overturned rock. Sooner or later, they believe, one of their members will uncover it, so they all work in harmonious concert toward that common goal. Individually, though, it’s every man or woman for themselves.
Fuck! How stupid could you be! I’m sitting here in awe hoping this guy didn’t get this shitty article published anywhere kids could possibly read it. It’s nothing but propaganda. I couldn’t emphasize this anymore – every single fossil ever found, EVER, fits into the theory of evolution. We’ve even made discoveries based on predictions made by the theory of evolution. Talk about fulfilled prophecy – there you go.
That’s a start... but you get the idea.
Post better material.
one11
Active Member
Very intelligent, well-thought out answer. Props.
I didn't mean to call whales dumb. They, alike dolphins, are extremely intelligent. Probably more so than we give them credit for. And I'm not so sure I believe that our brain development was due to sexual selection. I mean, look at George Bush. But I do accept that it may have been due to survival.
And yes I'm sure a good part of our BASIC intelligence evolved throughout the years. But when did we ever decide to mold the concept of the soul? How does something like that evolve? Are you saying our spirituality evolved as well?
I'm saying our ancestors had some help. Outer intervention not only affected human history, it has enlightened some, and even fast-forwarded the story of the human race. My first piece of evidence:
PARIS Scientists examining the remains of Napoleon Bonaparte admit they are deeply puzzled by the discovery of a half-inch long microchip embedded in his skull.
They say the mysterious object could be an alien implant suggesting that the French emperor was once abducted by a UFO!
The possible ramifications of this discovery are almost too enormous to comprehend, declared Dr. Andre Dubois, who made the astonishing revelation in a French medical journal.
Until now, every indication has been that victims of alien abduction are ordinary people who play no role in world events.
Now we have compelling evidence that extraterrestrials acted in the past to influence human history and may continue to do so!
Dr. Dubois made the amazing find while studying Napoleons exhumed skeleton on a $140,000 grant from the French government.
I was hoping to learn whether he suffered from a pituitary disorder that contributed to his small stature, he explained.
But instead the researcher found something far more extraordinary: As I examined the interior of the skull, my hand brushed across a tiny protrusion.
I then looked at the area under a magnifying glass and was stunned to find that the object was some kind of super-advanced microchip.
From the extent of bone growth around the chip, the expert believes it was implanted when Bonaparte was young.
Napoleon vanished from sight for a period of several days in July 1794, when he was 25. He later claimed hed been held prisoner during the Themidorian coup but no record of that arrest exists. I believe that is when the abduction took place.
From that time on, Napoleons rise was meteoric. By the next year, hed been put in charge of the French army in Italy.
Miraculously, he was able to transform starving, rag-tag troops into a top-notch fighting force and to crush the Italians.
In 1804, after a string of startling victories, the pint-size general crowned himself emperor of France and his empire soon expanded to include what is now Germany and Austria, as well as Switzerland, Italy and Denmark.
Napoleon used military strategies more than a hundred years ahead of his time, said Dr. Dubois. Perhaps the implant somehow enhanced his abilities.
The implant could also explain Napoleons famous habit of holding his hand over his heart, he added.
Its possible that the device affected the electrical signals from his brain to his heart.
By the time of his defeat by the British at Waterloo in 1815, Napoleon had altered the face of Europe.
What Western history would have been like had the aliens not intervened, we can only guess, observed Dr. Dubois. Thus we cannot know whether they acted to help mankind or harm us.
one11
Active Member
Oh and this is pretty funny...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idgQZs-jP-g - How did mankind get so smart?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idgQZs-jP-g - How did mankind get so smart?
mindphuk
Well-Known Member
Getting your information from the Weekly World News isn't helpful to your case.
http://weeklyworldnews.com/alien-alert/15207/alien-chip-in-napoleons-skull/
(BTW, that microchip in the picture is an RFID chip that is implanted into pets).
mindphuk
Well-Known Member
Waking Up to Sleep Paralysis
Doubt and About
Chris Mooney
April 13, 2005
When it comes to “alien abduction” claims and any number of other sleep-related “paranormal” encounters—whether with ghosts, vampires, werewolves, or whatever else— skeptics have long suspected the existence of a simple, overarching explanation. And now a string of papers by scientists at Harvard University, the latest of which was published by Transcultural Psychiatry in March, bolster the notion that such stories can be traced back to the common experience known as sleep paralysis, and the hallucinations that sometimes accompany it.
The hypothesis that sleep paralysis could play this large explanatory role isn’t necessarily new. But the publication of high caliber scientific studies on alien abductees, strongly supportive of that hypothesis, marks a highly important departure. All in all, the newly accumulated evidence suggests that skeptics may even wish to consider launching a public education campaign to explain more broadly what sleep paralysis is and how it happens. Executed properly, such a campaign might counter the current tendency among many individuals to assume that their relatively harmless sleep-related hallucinations actually reflect paranormal encounters. The campaign would also promote critical thinking about which explanation for sleep-related claims of paranormal incursions—a mundane one or a supernatural one—better suits the evidence.
Sleep paralysis occurs in 30% of the general population. In it you wake up in bed, feel paralyzed, and tend to sense a terrifying presence in your room. Sometimes you see something; sometimes you hear noises or even feel electrical shocks throughout your body. I have personally seen a small humanoid during one occasion of sleep paralysis; during another, more recent one, I saw what looked like a dog in my room. Others see ghosts, vampires—whatever they have in their minds or are particularly afraid of. Deceased relatives and loved ones are particularly good candidates for showing up during bouts of sleep paralysis.
But what’s really happening here, according to Harvard psychologists Richard McNally and Susan Clancy, is nothing out of the ordinary. Rather, REM sleep—the phase of sleep in which most dreaming occurs—is simply malfunctioning. In a phone conversation McNally even likened the situation to getting a case of the hiccups.
Our bodies are paralyzed while we undergo REM sleep, and for good reason (lest we act out our dreams and injure ourselves). But in some small number of cases we can actually start to wake up before paralysis wears off, and yet still remain in a dreaming state. What results is hallucination, often of some extremely scary stuff. It appears that humans have always experienced sleep paralysis and sought to explain it, resulting in well known stories of incubi and succubi—demons thought to sexually attack people in their sleep—as well as related tales from other eras and cultures.
The emphasis on sleep paralysis emerged from a program of research that McNally and Clancy had originally undertaken to study women claiming to have recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse. The work got extended into alleged alien “abductees” to solve a scientific puzzle. Although the researchers had already found that women who recovered abuse memories were more likely to exhibit “memory distortion,” that in itself didn’t prove their alleged memories never happened. After all, real life traumatic abuse experiences might themselves trigger distorted memory. So for comparison, Clancy and McNally hit on the idea of studying memory distortion “in people who report recovered memories of traumatic events that seem unlikely to have occurred: abduction by space aliens.”
Since then they have reported that alien “abductees” are more prone to exhibit “false recall and recognition,” and scored higher than other individuals on scales designed to detect fantasy proneness and the tendency to believe in “unconventional phenomena.” Based upon such evidence—which strongly hints that alien abductees are more likely than other people to make up false experiences—in a phone interview McNally proposed a “recipe” for alien abduction claims, involving five separate “ingredients.”
First, McNally explained, abductees tend to hold a wide range of New Age beliefs, such as an interest in astral projection and crystals. “They're not a bunch of straitlaced Republican wall street bankers,” McNally says. The second ingredient, he continues, is fantasy proneness, the features of which include “having a rich fantasy life, showing high hypnotic susceptibility, claiming psychic abilities and healing powers, reporting out-of-body experiences and vivid or ‘waking’ dreams, having apparitional experiences and religious visions, and exhibiting automatic writing.”
McNally’s third ingredient is awareness of the “cultural narrative of alien abduction"—which of course characterizes anyone who watches enough TV. Knowledge of this script inevitably plants it in the mind as something that can be drawn on later. The fourth ingredient, McNally continues, is the occurrence of sleep paralysis and its attendant hallucinations. And finally, the fifth ingredient in the making of an alien “abductee” is that most go to therapists who then hypnotize them and ask “inadvertently leading questions. And then they ‘remember,'” McNally says. This is often where the most salacious aspects of abduction accounts emerge, such as claims of sexual molestation and hybrid breeding programs conducted by the aliens.
All in all, according to McNally, these five factors working together can successfully explain why “individuals who are sincere and not psychotic could genuinely believe they were abducted by aliens.” That’s no small achievement. One successful mark of a scientific hypothesis or theory, after all, lies in its capacity to provide a plausible explanatory framework that can account for an observed phenomenon—the phenomenon in this case being the prevalence of alien abduction claims. And without a doubt, the explanation offered by McNally and Clancy enjoys much more plausibility and credibility than the notion that the alleged alien abductions actually happened.
That’s not to say that this powerful explanatory framework will convince abductees themselves to back away from their accounts. These individuals seem deeply wedded to their beliefs, according to McNally; it’s almost as though abduction claims fulfill a deep spiritual purpose in their lives. Perhaps those who cling to these views could never be convinced to relinquish them. Still, a very positive social benefit could be gained if more people generally understood what sleep paralysis is and how it contributes to widespread “paranormal” experiences. It’s even conceivable that a lot of grief and fear could be averted.
And there’s more at stake here than simply the esoteric group of alien “abductees.” In addition to abduction claims, sleep paralysis also seems likely to account for a wide range of alleged late-night ghost sightings. Moreover, as cultural notions shift over time, we can expect that the apparitions hallucinated during sleep paralysis will also shift their identities in relation to societal and media cues. When that happens—and reports begin to emerge on the next group of nighttime invaders—skeptics will have a powerful counter-explanation at the ready.
Doubt and About
Chris Mooney
April 13, 2005
When it comes to “alien abduction” claims and any number of other sleep-related “paranormal” encounters—whether with ghosts, vampires, werewolves, or whatever else— skeptics have long suspected the existence of a simple, overarching explanation. And now a string of papers by scientists at Harvard University, the latest of which was published by Transcultural Psychiatry in March, bolster the notion that such stories can be traced back to the common experience known as sleep paralysis, and the hallucinations that sometimes accompany it.
The hypothesis that sleep paralysis could play this large explanatory role isn’t necessarily new. But the publication of high caliber scientific studies on alien abductees, strongly supportive of that hypothesis, marks a highly important departure. All in all, the newly accumulated evidence suggests that skeptics may even wish to consider launching a public education campaign to explain more broadly what sleep paralysis is and how it happens. Executed properly, such a campaign might counter the current tendency among many individuals to assume that their relatively harmless sleep-related hallucinations actually reflect paranormal encounters. The campaign would also promote critical thinking about which explanation for sleep-related claims of paranormal incursions—a mundane one or a supernatural one—better suits the evidence.
Sleep paralysis occurs in 30% of the general population. In it you wake up in bed, feel paralyzed, and tend to sense a terrifying presence in your room. Sometimes you see something; sometimes you hear noises or even feel electrical shocks throughout your body. I have personally seen a small humanoid during one occasion of sleep paralysis; during another, more recent one, I saw what looked like a dog in my room. Others see ghosts, vampires—whatever they have in their minds or are particularly afraid of. Deceased relatives and loved ones are particularly good candidates for showing up during bouts of sleep paralysis.
But what’s really happening here, according to Harvard psychologists Richard McNally and Susan Clancy, is nothing out of the ordinary. Rather, REM sleep—the phase of sleep in which most dreaming occurs—is simply malfunctioning. In a phone conversation McNally even likened the situation to getting a case of the hiccups.
Our bodies are paralyzed while we undergo REM sleep, and for good reason (lest we act out our dreams and injure ourselves). But in some small number of cases we can actually start to wake up before paralysis wears off, and yet still remain in a dreaming state. What results is hallucination, often of some extremely scary stuff. It appears that humans have always experienced sleep paralysis and sought to explain it, resulting in well known stories of incubi and succubi—demons thought to sexually attack people in their sleep—as well as related tales from other eras and cultures.
The emphasis on sleep paralysis emerged from a program of research that McNally and Clancy had originally undertaken to study women claiming to have recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse. The work got extended into alleged alien “abductees” to solve a scientific puzzle. Although the researchers had already found that women who recovered abuse memories were more likely to exhibit “memory distortion,” that in itself didn’t prove their alleged memories never happened. After all, real life traumatic abuse experiences might themselves trigger distorted memory. So for comparison, Clancy and McNally hit on the idea of studying memory distortion “in people who report recovered memories of traumatic events that seem unlikely to have occurred: abduction by space aliens.”
Since then they have reported that alien “abductees” are more prone to exhibit “false recall and recognition,” and scored higher than other individuals on scales designed to detect fantasy proneness and the tendency to believe in “unconventional phenomena.” Based upon such evidence—which strongly hints that alien abductees are more likely than other people to make up false experiences—in a phone interview McNally proposed a “recipe” for alien abduction claims, involving five separate “ingredients.”
First, McNally explained, abductees tend to hold a wide range of New Age beliefs, such as an interest in astral projection and crystals. “They're not a bunch of straitlaced Republican wall street bankers,” McNally says. The second ingredient, he continues, is fantasy proneness, the features of which include “having a rich fantasy life, showing high hypnotic susceptibility, claiming psychic abilities and healing powers, reporting out-of-body experiences and vivid or ‘waking’ dreams, having apparitional experiences and religious visions, and exhibiting automatic writing.”
McNally’s third ingredient is awareness of the “cultural narrative of alien abduction"—which of course characterizes anyone who watches enough TV. Knowledge of this script inevitably plants it in the mind as something that can be drawn on later. The fourth ingredient, McNally continues, is the occurrence of sleep paralysis and its attendant hallucinations. And finally, the fifth ingredient in the making of an alien “abductee” is that most go to therapists who then hypnotize them and ask “inadvertently leading questions. And then they ‘remember,'” McNally says. This is often where the most salacious aspects of abduction accounts emerge, such as claims of sexual molestation and hybrid breeding programs conducted by the aliens.
All in all, according to McNally, these five factors working together can successfully explain why “individuals who are sincere and not psychotic could genuinely believe they were abducted by aliens.” That’s no small achievement. One successful mark of a scientific hypothesis or theory, after all, lies in its capacity to provide a plausible explanatory framework that can account for an observed phenomenon—the phenomenon in this case being the prevalence of alien abduction claims. And without a doubt, the explanation offered by McNally and Clancy enjoys much more plausibility and credibility than the notion that the alleged alien abductions actually happened.
That’s not to say that this powerful explanatory framework will convince abductees themselves to back away from their accounts. These individuals seem deeply wedded to their beliefs, according to McNally; it’s almost as though abduction claims fulfill a deep spiritual purpose in their lives. Perhaps those who cling to these views could never be convinced to relinquish them. Still, a very positive social benefit could be gained if more people generally understood what sleep paralysis is and how it contributes to widespread “paranormal” experiences. It’s even conceivable that a lot of grief and fear could be averted.
And there’s more at stake here than simply the esoteric group of alien “abductees.” In addition to abduction claims, sleep paralysis also seems likely to account for a wide range of alleged late-night ghost sightings. Moreover, as cultural notions shift over time, we can expect that the apparitions hallucinated during sleep paralysis will also shift their identities in relation to societal and media cues. When that happens—and reports begin to emerge on the next group of nighttime invaders—skeptics will have a powerful counter-explanation at the ready.
afrawfraw
Well-Known Member
They say age is just a number...
But if your 4.54 BILLION years old, well.
Can we all at least agree on the age of the earth?
If so, Let's get some thoughts from non-evolution believers on what the hell God, or outside whatever, was waiting for?
Making sure the fuzz is gone before they threw their "Advance gene Molotov Cocktail at the Earth?
But if your 4.54 BILLION years old, well.
Can we all at least agree on the age of the earth?
If so, Let's get some thoughts from non-evolution believers on what the hell God, or outside whatever, was waiting for?
Making sure the fuzz is gone before they threw their "Advance gene Molotov Cocktail at the Earth?
one11
Active Member
Unfortunately, these so called 'credible' news sources are the same ones limiting what we hear about...nbc, cbs, abc, fox. All are a joke. It's freelance journalism and backyard news organizations that hold the important info. And yeah it says in that article that the picture was not the same chip in his skull. So it probably is the RFID chip.
Evidence that outer influence affected, and enhanced the human intellect and culture go way back. Maybe it will be revealed to ALL persons within our lifetimes. Maybe not. But your point is taken, and respected.
Handson
Active Member
Philly_Buddah
New Member
To mindphuk I dont have time right now to read all that but I believe thats the same one that I read a while back about them saying "alien abductions" can be attributed to hallucinations and delusions during sleep paralysis episodes.
While I definitely agree there is some percentage of supposed "alien abductions" that can be attributed to that, or just hoaxes all together, but there are thousands of reported alien abductions that couldnt have been caused by that. Just for example look at one of the first reported and famous alien abduction cases "betty and barney hill". Look that up if you dont know about it, theres no way anything like that could be caused by sleep paralysis. There will be groups of people whether driving, flying a plane, walking on a hike etc who all of a sudden (the whole group) "blacks out" and before they know it there back doing exactly what they were doing (others not so lucky) with hours of lost time which they all have little to no recollection of. Many of these cases have been taken to hypnosis and when they dig up the memories they remember alien abductions and the whole group can describe the exact same thing without ever discussing it within the group (or even remembering the event consciously).
The sleep paralysis thing could probably be true in cases where that person was home alone sleeping then they remember an alien abduction and the fear, paralysis and they dont know what thats sleep paralysis is. The 1st times I had sleep paralysis and didnt know what it was it was definitely scary and you can have hallucinations, etc but they only seemed real to me while I was still in that paralyzed state.
While I definitely agree there is some percentage of supposed "alien abductions" that can be attributed to that, or just hoaxes all together, but there are thousands of reported alien abductions that couldnt have been caused by that. Just for example look at one of the first reported and famous alien abduction cases "betty and barney hill". Look that up if you dont know about it, theres no way anything like that could be caused by sleep paralysis. There will be groups of people whether driving, flying a plane, walking on a hike etc who all of a sudden (the whole group) "blacks out" and before they know it there back doing exactly what they were doing (others not so lucky) with hours of lost time which they all have little to no recollection of. Many of these cases have been taken to hypnosis and when they dig up the memories they remember alien abductions and the whole group can describe the exact same thing without ever discussing it within the group (or even remembering the event consciously).
The sleep paralysis thing could probably be true in cases where that person was home alone sleeping then they remember an alien abduction and the fear, paralysis and they dont know what thats sleep paralysis is. The 1st times I had sleep paralysis and didnt know what it was it was definitely scary and you can have hallucinations, etc but they only seemed real to me while I was still in that paralyzed state.
mindphuk
Well-Known Member
I could agree with you to a point, but the WWN isn't a news organization, it is made for entertainment. Why else would they use the disclaimer, "the reader should suspend disbelief for the sake of enjoyment"?
Sorry, but if a microchip was found in Napoleon's skull, I think more outlets would carry the story.
mindphuk
Well-Known Member
Lack of alternate explanations does not make the claim any more true. The Hill's didn't remember anything until under hypnosis. That alone adds problems. As Dr. Sagan says, "Extraordinary claims, require extraordinary evidence."
[youtube]Z9VLAWxDut0[/youtube]
Miss MeanWeed
Active Member
http://www.expanding-earth.org/
http://eearthk.com/
Here we see theories on the physical evolution of planet Earth.
http://eearthk.com/
Here we see theories on the physical evolution of planet Earth.
Philly_Buddah
New Member
Theres people who reported they were abducted early in their life and when they got old swore on their deathbeds that it was true.
mindphuk
Well-Known Member
So what? No one is saying that people don't believe in their experiences. That still doesn't make them true.
Philly_Buddah
New Member
Handson
Active Member
Too right, when they do come AGAIN, we'll be sorry.