Your plants look beautifully healthy . With regards to harvesting time in my experience ( outdoor zone 15 -16 northern Ca ) I use a jewelers loop to examine the coloration of the trichomes. When I see more than half with an amber coloration I select a branch to harvest . I am growing Blueberry...
looks like anaerobic soil conditions to my eye.
At this point, it is hard to remedy because the plant is so advanced and assuming you are growing out of doors, it is pretty close to harvest time.
You can tip the pots on its side ( carefully) and poke open the drain hole (s) for better drainage...
I suggest spraying your buds with BT. As others have noted it is a naturally occurring bacteria ( Bacillus Thuringiensis). Spray after the heat of the day to keep the pistils from potentially burning . The BT will crystalize and the worm will ingest + die ( it is a horrid death but I digress) ...