newbie update!
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Connoisseurus Rex
Well-Known Member
3% peroxide. 2 1/2 tablespoons per gallon of ph'd water.
Alienwidow
Well-Known Member
Benificial bacteria and mycorrhiza (Gk. μυκός, mykós, "fungus" and ριζα, riza, "roots",[SUP][1][/SUP] pl. mycorrhizae ormycorrhizas) is a symbiotic (generally mutualistic, but occasionally weakly pathogenic) association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant.[SUP][2][/SUP][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus colonizes the host plant's roots, eitherintracellularly as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF or AM), or extracellularly as inectomycorrhizal fungi. They are an important component of soil life and soil chemistry.[/FONT]
[h=2][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Mutualist dynamics[edit][/FONT][/h][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Mycorrhizae form a mutualistic relationship with the roots of most plant species. While only a small proportion of all species has been examined, 95% of those plant families are predominantly mycorrhizal.[SUP][3][/SUP] They are named after their presence in the plant'srhizosphere (root system).[/FONT]
[h=3][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Sugar-water/mineral exchange[edit][/FONT][/h][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]This mutualistic association provides the fungus with relatively constant and direct access to carbohydrates, such as glucose andsucrose.[SUP][4][/SUP] The carbohydrates are translocated from their source (usually leaves) to root tissue and on to the plant's fungal partners. In return, the plant gains the benefits of the mycelium's higher absorptive capacity for water and mineral nutrients due to the comparatively large surface area of mycelium: root ratio, thus improving the plant's mineral absorption capabilities.[SUP][5][/SUP][/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Plant roots alone may be incapable of taking up phosphate ions that are demineralized in soils with a basic pH. The mycelium of the mycorrhizal fungus can, however, access these phosphorus sources, and make them available to the plants they colonize.[SUP][6][/SUP] Nature, according to C.Michael Hogan, has adapted to this critical role of phosphate, by allowing many plants to recycle phosphate, without using soil as an intermediary. For example, in some dystrophic forests large amounts of phosphate are taken up by mycorrhizal hyphae acting directly on leaf litter, bypassing the need for soil uptake.[SUP][7][/SUP] Inga alley cropping, proposed as an alternative to slash and burn rainforest destruction,[SUP][8][/SUP] relies upon Mycorrhiza within the Inga Tree root system to prevent the rain from washing phosphorusout of the soil.[SUP][9][/SUP] In some cases, the transport of water, carbon, and nutrients could be done directly from plant to plant throughmycorrhizal networks that are underground hyphal networks created by mycorrhizal fungi that connect individual plants together.[SUP][10][/SUP][/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Suillus tomentosus, a fungus, produces specialized structures, known as tuberculate ectomycorrhizae, with its plant host lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia). These structures have in turn been shown to host nitrogen fixing bacteria which contribute a significant amount of nitrogen and allow the pines to colonize nutrient-poor sites.[SUP][11][/SUP][/FONT]
[h=3][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Mechanisms[edit][/FONT][/h]
[FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]The mechanisms of increased absorption are both physical and chemical. Mycorrhizal mycelia are much smaller in diameter than the smallest root, and thus can explore a greater volume of soil, providing a larger surface area for absorption. Also, the cell membrane chemistry of fungi is different from that of plants (including organic acidexcretion which aids in ion displacement[SUP][12][/SUP]). Mycorrhizas are especially beneficial for the plant partner in nutrient-poor soils.[SUP][13][/SUP][/FONT]
[h=3][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Disease and drought resistance and its correlation to Mycorrhizae[edit][/FONT][/h][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Mycorrhizal plants are often more resistant to diseases, such as those caused by microbial soil-borne pathogens. Prof. Dr. Anton Muhibuddin from University of Brawijaya (UB) - Indonesia found that AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi) was significantly correlated with soil water content and soil chemical fertility variable such as, organic carbon, total phosphorus and CEC, however it was not significantly correlated with pH. AMF was also significantly correlated with soil biological fertility variable such as, soil fungi and soil bacteria, including soil disease. Furthermore, AMF was significantly correlated with soil physical variable, but only with water level and not with aggregate stability.,[SUP][14][/SUP][SUP][15][/SUP] and are also more resistant to the effects of drought.[SUP][16][/SUP][SUP][17][/SUP][SUP][18][/SUP][/FONT]
[h=3][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Colonization of barren soil[edit][/FONT][/h][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Plants grown in sterile soils and growth media often perform poorly without the addition of spores or hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi to colonise the plant roots and aid in the uptake of soil mineral nutrients.[SUP][19][/SUP] The absence of mycorrhizal fungi can also slow plant growth in early succession or on degraded landscapes.[SUP][20][/SUP] The introduction of alien mycorrhizal plants to nutrient-deficient ecosystems puts indigenous non-mycorrhizal plants at a competitive disadvantage.[SUP][21][/SUP][/FONT]
[h=3][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Resistance to toxicity[edit][/FONT][/h][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Fungi have been found to have a protective role for plants rooted in soils with high metal concentrations, such as acidic andcontaminated soils. Pine trees inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius planted in several contaminated sites displayed high tolerance to the prevailing contaminant, survivorship and growth. One study discovered the existence of Suillus luteus strains with varying tolerance of zinc. Another study discovered that zinc-tolerant strains of Suillus bovinus conferred resistance to plants of Pinus sylvestris. This was probably due to binding of the metal to the extramatricial mycelium of the fungus, without affecting the exchange of beneficial substances.[SUP][21][/SUP][/FONT]
[h=2][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Occurrence of mycorrhizal associations[edit][/FONT][/h][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]At around 400 million years old, the Rhynie chert contains the earliest fossil assemblage yielding plants preserved in sufficient detail to detect mycorrhizas - and they are indeed observed in the stems of Aglaophyton major.[SUP][22][/SUP][/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Mycorrhizas are present in 92% of plant families studied (80% of species),[SUP][23][/SUP] with arbuscular mycorrhizas being the ancestral and predominant form,[SUP][23][/SUP] and indeed the most prevalent symbiotic association found in the plant kingdom.[SUP][4][/SUP] The structure of arbuscular mycorrhizas has been highly conserved since their first appearance in the fossil record,[SUP][22][/SUP] with both the development of ectomycorrhizas, and the loss of mycorrhizas, evolving convergently on multiple occasions.[SUP][23][/SUP][/FONT]
[h=2][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Types of mycorrhiza[edit][/FONT][/h]
[FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Mycorrhizas are commonly divided into ectomycorrhizas and endomycorrhizas. The two types are differentiated by the fact that the hyphae of ectomycorrhizal fungi do not penetrate individual cells within the root, while the hyphae of endomycorrhizal fungi penetrate the cell wall and invaginate the cell membrane. Additionally, many plants in the order Ericales form a third type, ericoid mycorrhizas, while some members of the Ericales form arbutoid and monotropoid mycorrhizas.[SUP][24][/SUP][SUP][25][/SUP] All orchids are myco-heterotrophic at some stage during their lifecycle and form orchid mycorrhizas with a range of basidiomycete fungi.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif][h=2]Contents[/h] [hide] [/FONT]
- [FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]1 Mutualist dynamics[/FONT]
- [FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]1.1 Sugar-water/mineral exchange[/FONT]
- [FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]1.2 Mechanisms[/FONT]
- [FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]1.3 Disease and drought resistance and its correlation to Mycorrhizae[/FONT]
- [FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]1.4 Colonization of barren soil[/FONT]
- [FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]1.5 Resistance to toxicity[/FONT]
- [FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]2 Occurrence of mycorrhizal associations[/FONT]
- [FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]3 Types of mycorrhiza[/FONT]
- [FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]4 Discovery[/FONT]
- [FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]5 See also[/FONT]
- [FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]6 References[/FONT]
- [FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]7 External links[/FONT]
[h=2][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Mutualist dynamics[edit][/FONT][/h][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Mycorrhizae form a mutualistic relationship with the roots of most plant species. While only a small proportion of all species has been examined, 95% of those plant families are predominantly mycorrhizal.[SUP][3][/SUP] They are named after their presence in the plant'srhizosphere (root system).[/FONT]
[h=3][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Sugar-water/mineral exchange[edit][/FONT][/h][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]This mutualistic association provides the fungus with relatively constant and direct access to carbohydrates, such as glucose andsucrose.[SUP][4][/SUP] The carbohydrates are translocated from their source (usually leaves) to root tissue and on to the plant's fungal partners. In return, the plant gains the benefits of the mycelium's higher absorptive capacity for water and mineral nutrients due to the comparatively large surface area of mycelium: root ratio, thus improving the plant's mineral absorption capabilities.[SUP][5][/SUP][/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Plant roots alone may be incapable of taking up phosphate ions that are demineralized in soils with a basic pH. The mycelium of the mycorrhizal fungus can, however, access these phosphorus sources, and make them available to the plants they colonize.[SUP][6][/SUP] Nature, according to C.Michael Hogan, has adapted to this critical role of phosphate, by allowing many plants to recycle phosphate, without using soil as an intermediary. For example, in some dystrophic forests large amounts of phosphate are taken up by mycorrhizal hyphae acting directly on leaf litter, bypassing the need for soil uptake.[SUP][7][/SUP] Inga alley cropping, proposed as an alternative to slash and burn rainforest destruction,[SUP][8][/SUP] relies upon Mycorrhiza within the Inga Tree root system to prevent the rain from washing phosphorusout of the soil.[SUP][9][/SUP] In some cases, the transport of water, carbon, and nutrients could be done directly from plant to plant throughmycorrhizal networks that are underground hyphal networks created by mycorrhizal fungi that connect individual plants together.[SUP][10][/SUP][/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Suillus tomentosus, a fungus, produces specialized structures, known as tuberculate ectomycorrhizae, with its plant host lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia). These structures have in turn been shown to host nitrogen fixing bacteria which contribute a significant amount of nitrogen and allow the pines to colonize nutrient-poor sites.[SUP][11][/SUP][/FONT]
[h=3][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Mechanisms[edit][/FONT][/h]
[FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]
[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Leccinum aurantiacum, anectomycorrhizal fungus[/FONT]
[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Leccinum aurantiacum, anectomycorrhizal fungus[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]The mechanisms of increased absorption are both physical and chemical. Mycorrhizal mycelia are much smaller in diameter than the smallest root, and thus can explore a greater volume of soil, providing a larger surface area for absorption. Also, the cell membrane chemistry of fungi is different from that of plants (including organic acidexcretion which aids in ion displacement[SUP][12][/SUP]). Mycorrhizas are especially beneficial for the plant partner in nutrient-poor soils.[SUP][13][/SUP][/FONT]
[h=3][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Disease and drought resistance and its correlation to Mycorrhizae[edit][/FONT][/h][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Mycorrhizal plants are often more resistant to diseases, such as those caused by microbial soil-borne pathogens. Prof. Dr. Anton Muhibuddin from University of Brawijaya (UB) - Indonesia found that AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi) was significantly correlated with soil water content and soil chemical fertility variable such as, organic carbon, total phosphorus and CEC, however it was not significantly correlated with pH. AMF was also significantly correlated with soil biological fertility variable such as, soil fungi and soil bacteria, including soil disease. Furthermore, AMF was significantly correlated with soil physical variable, but only with water level and not with aggregate stability.,[SUP][14][/SUP][SUP][15][/SUP] and are also more resistant to the effects of drought.[SUP][16][/SUP][SUP][17][/SUP][SUP][18][/SUP][/FONT]
[h=3][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Colonization of barren soil[edit][/FONT][/h][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Plants grown in sterile soils and growth media often perform poorly without the addition of spores or hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi to colonise the plant roots and aid in the uptake of soil mineral nutrients.[SUP][19][/SUP] The absence of mycorrhizal fungi can also slow plant growth in early succession or on degraded landscapes.[SUP][20][/SUP] The introduction of alien mycorrhizal plants to nutrient-deficient ecosystems puts indigenous non-mycorrhizal plants at a competitive disadvantage.[SUP][21][/SUP][/FONT]
[h=3][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Resistance to toxicity[edit][/FONT][/h][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Fungi have been found to have a protective role for plants rooted in soils with high metal concentrations, such as acidic andcontaminated soils. Pine trees inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius planted in several contaminated sites displayed high tolerance to the prevailing contaminant, survivorship and growth. One study discovered the existence of Suillus luteus strains with varying tolerance of zinc. Another study discovered that zinc-tolerant strains of Suillus bovinus conferred resistance to plants of Pinus sylvestris. This was probably due to binding of the metal to the extramatricial mycelium of the fungus, without affecting the exchange of beneficial substances.[SUP][21][/SUP][/FONT]
[h=2][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Occurrence of mycorrhizal associations[edit][/FONT][/h][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]At around 400 million years old, the Rhynie chert contains the earliest fossil assemblage yielding plants preserved in sufficient detail to detect mycorrhizas - and they are indeed observed in the stems of Aglaophyton major.[SUP][22][/SUP][/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Mycorrhizas are present in 92% of plant families studied (80% of species),[SUP][23][/SUP] with arbuscular mycorrhizas being the ancestral and predominant form,[SUP][23][/SUP] and indeed the most prevalent symbiotic association found in the plant kingdom.[SUP][4][/SUP] The structure of arbuscular mycorrhizas has been highly conserved since their first appearance in the fossil record,[SUP][22][/SUP] with both the development of ectomycorrhizas, and the loss of mycorrhizas, evolving convergently on multiple occasions.[SUP][23][/SUP][/FONT]
[h=2][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Types of mycorrhiza[edit][/FONT][/h]
[FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Mycorrhizas are commonly divided into ectomycorrhizas and endomycorrhizas. The two types are differentiated by the fact that the hyphae of ectomycorrhizal fungi do not penetrate individual cells within the root, while the hyphae of endomycorrhizal fungi penetrate the cell wall and invaginate the cell membrane. Additionally, many plants in the order Ericales form a third type, ericoid mycorrhizas, while some members of the Ericales form arbutoid and monotropoid mycorrhizas.[SUP][24][/SUP][SUP][25][/SUP] All orchids are myco-heterotrophic at some stage during their lifecycle and form orchid mycorrhizas with a range of basidiomycete fungi.[/FONT]
Alienwidow
Well-Known Member
Dont put peroxide into dirt plants, it kills everything in the soil web. Might as well be using coco when your done the peroxide bath.
Connoisseurus Rex
Well-Known Member
My mix is 20% soil, 20% vermiculite, and 20% coco. I've been using peroxide due to its oxygen enriching capabilities. It's been working great for my plants. I am a first time grower though.
Baileysmiles
Member
What are you growing in? Tell us about your setup and such..
Connoisseurus Rex
Well-Known Member
Could even be overwatering?
keysareme
Well-Known Member
Mentioned already, mykos will spin your roots out of the pot in no time. Which is good, allow me to say it in this way, lots of beneficial fungi and mycorrhiza will help your roots breathe deeper, expand further, grow many shoots, and have fuzzy white hairs. I am confident there is no too much mykos.
Not to interject into your thread, just to share some actual proof from experience, I have a plant from seed that it's cotyledon was separated from the tap root at germination. Already in a deep bedding of mykos, I re-planted adding more to establish a safety pod of the fungi to encompass the root. Placed the cotyledon on top, and secured in place with the soil. Within two weeks the plant was growing again, and at transplanting, that plant had roots three times the size as its two friends also from seed. From red cup to 1 gallon fabric, then 1 gallon to 3 gallon fabric, and the roots have now also broken through that pot.
Load her up with mykos, we can not harm the girls by doing so in any way. I have germinated seeds on beds of mykos. I would throw a whole package into one pot now that I've seen myself. Were you to have the appropriate space/medium for those roots to grow they would not stop doing so. It is quite beautiful indeed.
Great posting bro.
Baileysmiles
Member
Have you tried to threads specific to dwc? I would imagine that it takes some time to develop large root ball. Your plants look healthy so I wouldn't worry.