I don't "have to" use anything. I'm just trying to find sweet-spot between small enough for fast root growth and big enough for forgiving ecosystem. Thing thats irreleveant is feeding my plants, so I'm not gonna grow any plants in 3 galon pots.
Oh, so it's not that you're not feeding your plants, but you're soil growing and not adding water soluble nutrients! Then you need to know the minimum amount of organic fertilizer an auto plant would need for it's life cycle I guess. If you want to use small pots than you would need stronger fertilizers, but it sounds like you don't want to change anything about your soil set up but you're just wondering if you could use a smaller pots? I think I've got it straight...
40L of soil for three pants? You do realize that that is equivalent to 3.33 gallons per plant which is already smaller than you said you could go... but you want to know if you can go smaller? I'm not being a dick, it just seems the problem isn't completely clear nor what your limitations are and what you are, and are not willing to do to modify things.
I would say 3 gallons is about the smallest you could get away with for an Auto plant if you're using liquid fertilizers. So if you're feeding it with soil you definitely would have to go bigger, and if you want to keep the pot as small as you can you need to use higher concentrated fertilizers. Root size is one of many factors and not the determining factor.
If you found your last run was small it sounds like it was either poor aeration in the soil (you said no amendments, no till... recipe for dense soil) which would be my top pick)... or not a big enough pot (3 plants in 10 gallons of soil is not enough), plus you didn't indicate what was in the soil.
Not sure I answered your question, but to your very first question... no, bigger pots could not in any way cause a smaller plant unless it causes you to overwater and you have poor drainage and you allow water to lay stagnant in the pot (which is not an issue with the pot size unless you don't want to improve your aeration or increase your pot size or add different fertilizers/amendments).