off with his head
Here you go. Some good reading. Then Google The Devil We Know. It's a documentary. Just trying to help! And remember that all fast food or prepacked food usually has a coating on the wrapping. Remember Scotchgard?
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (conjugate base perfluorooctanoate) is a perfluorinated carboxylic acid produced and used worldwide as an industrial surfactant in chemical processes and as a material feedstock, and is known as an emerging health concern and subject of regulatory action and voluntary industrial phase-outs. PFOA is considered a surfactant, or fluorosurfactant, due to its chemical structure consisting of a perfluorinated, n-octyl "tail group" and a carboxylate "head group". The head group can be described as hydrophilic while the fluorocarbon tail is both hydrophobic and lipophobic; The tail group is inert and does not interact strongly with polar or non-polar chemical moieties; the head group is reactive and interacts strongly with polar groups, specifically water. The "tail" is hydrophobic due to being non-polar and lipophobic because fluorocarbons are less susceptible to the London dispersion force than hydrocarbons.[6]
Perfluorooctanoic acid
Perfluorooctanoic acid.png
PFOA-3D.png
Names
IUPAC name
pentadecafluorooctanoic acid
Other names
perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA, C8, perfluorooctanoate, perfluorocaprylic acid, FC-143, F-n-octanoic acid, PFO
Identifiers
CAS Number
335-67-1
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
ChEBI
CHEBI:35549
ChEMBL
ChEMBL172988
ChemSpider
9180
ECHA InfoCard
100.005.817
EC Number
206-397-9
PubChem CID
9554
RTECS number
RH0781000
InChI
InChI=1S/C8HF15O2/c9-2(10,1(24)25)3(11,12)4(13,14)5(15,16)6(17,1
7(19,20)8(21,22)23/h(H,24,25)
Key: SNGREZUHAYWORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C8HF15O2/c9-2(10,1(24)25)3(11,12)4(13,14)5(15,16)6(17,1
7(19,20)8(21,22)23/h(H,24,25)
Key: SNGREZUHAYWORS-UHFFFAOYAQ
SMILES
FC(F)(C(F)(F)C(=O)O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F
Properties
Chemical formula
C8HF15O2
Molar mass
414.07 g/mol
Appearance
colorless liquid
Density
1.8 g/cm3[1]
Melting point
40 to 50 °C (104 to 122 °F; 313 to 323 K)[1]
Boiling point
189 to 192 °C (372 to 378 °F; 462 to 465 K)[1]
Solubility in water
soluble, 9.5 g/L (PFO)[2]
Solubility in other solvents
polar organic
solvents
Acidity (pKa)
~0[3][4][5]
Hazards
Main hazards
Strong Acid, Causes Burns
Safety data sheet
[1]
R-phrases (outdated)
R22 R34 R52/53
S-phrases (outdated)
S26 S36/37/39 S45
NFPA 704
NFPA 704 four-colored diamond
0
3
0
Related compounds
Related compounds
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), Perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA), Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
PFOA is used for several industrial applications, including carpeting, upholstery, apparel, floor wax, textiles, sealants, and cookware. PFOA serves as a surfactant in the emulsion polymerization of fluoropolymers and as a building block for the synthesis of perfluoroalkyl-substituted compounds, polymers, and polymeric materials. PFOA has been manufactured since the 1940s in industrial quantities.[7] It is also formed by the degradation of precursors such as some fluorotelomers. PFOA is used as a surfactant because it can lower the surface tension of water more than hydrocarbon surfactants while having exceptional stability due to having perfluoroalkyl tail group.[8][6] The stability of PFOA is desired industrially but is a cause of concern environmentally.
PFOA persists indefinitely in the environment. It is toxic.[citation needed] As it is a suspected carcinogen, various studies have been undertaken, but no link between PFOA and cancer emerged, although it remains suspect and under investigation.[9][10] Another study of workers living near a DuPont Teflon plant found an association between PFOA exposure and two kinds of cancer as well as four other diseases. PFOA been detected in the blood of more than 98% of the general US population in the low and sub-parts per billion (ppb) range, and levels are higher in chemical plant employees and surrounding subpopulations. How general populations are exposed to PFOA is not completely understood. PFOA has been detected in industrial waste, stain-resistant carpets, carpet-cleaning liquids, house dust, microwave popcorn bags, water, food, some cookware and PTFE products.