Yes, you can and yes, it will.
In fact, many impatient growers like to get a treat of their plant before harvesting time is even close, they just let the bud dry up a bit and then puff it.
You could harvest all the buds before they're done (although I wouldn't see how that's useful) and the plant would grow new buds.
You might be interested in a method called "revegging". You chop the plant down, leaving some 10cm of the stem shooting out of the soil/medium. You also leave 2-3 side branches with 2-3 leaves and a bud on each. The plant will take 2-3 weeks to start growing back out of those 2-3 side branches...
The moral of this method is: Cannabis (and its flowers) can grow back anywhere, anytime as long as it has the proper conditions.