Narcotic and Hallucinogenic Cacti of the New World
By Michael S. Smith edited by ANC
excerpt taken from here:
Ariocarpus agavoides:
This peyote is known to local inhabitants as "magueyitos" (little agaves) and is sometimes collected and eaten by children for its sweet taste. Ariocarpus species are also known as Roseocactus. 1/P
N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethylamine N-methyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine Hordenine
Ariocarpus fissuratus:
Though it contains no mescaline it is considered by the Tarahumara to be more powerful than L. williamsii and is used by them as a narcotic and magical plant. That this plant is considered stronger than L. williamsi is rather impresive considering its minimal alkaloid composition. It is often made into a drink which it is said causes robbers to be powerless to steal anything. Also used to remedy fevers and ease rheumatic pains. I am aware of one modern account of an individual who ingested a tea made from the cacti with a couple friends. His report states very narcotic, but non-hallucinogenic, effects and that one individual with severe neck pain had felt relief. It is often called "sunami," "hikuli sunami," "chautle," "peyote cimarron" (wild peyote), or "living rock," and is considered a "false peyote." 1/P, 2, 5/P, 9, 7/P, 8/P, 10/P, 4/P
Hordenine N-methyltyramine N-methyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus:
Called "pezuna de venado" (cloved hoof of the deer) or "pata de venado" (deer's foot). These titles are interesting not only because of the shape of the tubercles, but also due to the relationship of deer symbolism to L. williamsii, the primary peyote cactus. 1/P, 7/P
Hordenine N-methyltyramine
Ariocarpus retusus:
The Huichol classify this species as a "false peyote" due to its undesirable effects, claiming that it is an evil plant that will drive people mad if ingested, and which can also cause permanent insanity. Because this plant is apparently so feared, and contains a very interesting alkaloid composition, it makes a strong candidate for further study as a true hallucinogen. Called "chautle" or "chaute." 1/P, 2/P, 5/P, 9, 7/P, 10/P
Hordenine N-methyltyramine N-methyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine N-methyl-4-hydroxyphenethylamine N-methyl-4-methoxyphenethylamine Retusin (3,3,4,7-Tetramethoxy-5-hydroxyflavone)
Astrophytum asterias:
Though being a cactus that would make a likely candidate as peyote due to its similar appearance to L. williamsii, it is claimed by Schultes that even this cactus is "either narcotic or medicinal.” "Peyotillo." 1/P, 5/P, 7/P, 8/P, 4/P
The original citation of A. asterias as peyote comes from The Cactaceae by Britton & Rose where it is said that "Senor Solis says that the plant is known as peyote." Schultes writes that A. asterias is "said to be either narcotic or medicinal," but cites Britton & Rose who do not make such claims, while Bravo simply indicated that the species carries the common name of peyote while mentioning no ethnobotanical use.
Britton & Rose's, Bravo's, and Schultes' comments in his 1937 articles, Peyote and Plants Used in the Peyote Ceremony (April) and Peyote and Plants Confused with It (November), are the only supportive evidence of the peyote classification or ethnobotanical use of A. asterias and all future references to the plant appear to rely on these sources.
A. asterias is one of the most likely candidates as peyote based solely on its physical similarities to L. williamsii.
Astrophytum capricorne:
"Peyotillo," "beznaga de estropajo" (carrot-like vegetable sponge). 1/P, 5/P, 7/P
Astrophytum myriostigma:
"Peyotillo," "peyote cimarron," "mitra," or "birrete de obispo" (bishop's cap). Showing positive on alkaloid tests; unpublished. 1/P, 5/P, 7/P, 8/P
A. myriostigma appears to have gained its original peyote status following the publication of Victor A. Reko's 1929 article Was ist Peyote? which was published in a German parapsychology journal. Unfortunately I have been unable to review Reko's original writings to examine the context in which it is cited as peyote or if it supports ethnobotanical usage.
Both of Schultes' 1937 articles regard A. myriostigma as "either narcotic or medicinal." Bravo's 1937 publication also makes mention of A. myriostigma as a peyote, but fails to give supportive evidence of ethnobotanical use. Bravo lists the species under three different geographically based titles, "peyote cimarrón" in Durango, "mitra" in San Luis Potosí, and "Birrete de Obispo" (bishop's cap) in Coahuila.
Aztekium ritterii:
A very interesting cactus that lacks ethnobotanical information. "Peyotillo." 1/P, 5/P, 7/P
N-methyltyramine Hordenine Anhalidine Mescaline N,N-3,4dimethoxy PHA Pellotine 3-methoxytyramine
A. ritterii appears to have been first cited as peyote by Blas Pablo Reko in his 1934 article, Das Mexikanische Rauschgift Ololiuqui. Unfortunately I have not had access to Reko's original article to thoroughly examine this species position in the peyote pantheon. Schultes regards it as a species that it is "said to be either narcotic or medicinal."
Like Astrophytum capricorne it is interesting to note that Schultes did not list A. ritterii as peyote in Peyote and Plants Used in the Peyote Ceremony, but did list it in Peyote and Plants Confused with It seven months later even though Reko is cited in both of Schultes articles. Did Schultes overlook Reko's reference to A. ritterii in preparation for the first article but not in the second? Or like A. capricorne was Schultes reference to A. ritterii an error? A simple review of Reko's work by someone who has access to it may answer this question.
All subsequent references to A. ritterii as peyote appear to have their origin with Reko and Schultes. No new information about the species' ethnobotany has been published since 1937, leaving its peyote status dubious.
A. ritterii was considered until recently the only species in the genus (monotypic). A new species, A. hintonii, has recently been described and brought into cultivation. This latter species originates from the same locale as A. ritterii, the Mexican state of Nuevo Leon. Another closely related species from Nuevo Leon, Geohintonia mexicana, has also recently been described.
Only trace amounts of mescaline are present in A. ritterii while the two closely related species have yet to undergo chemical analysis.
Mescaline
N-Methyltyramine
Hordenine
Anhalidine
N,N-Dimethyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine
Pellotine
3-Methoxytyramine
Glucaric acid
Quinic acid
Carnegiea gigantea:
Though being a carrier of many interesting alkaloids this species is not known to be used as an hallucinogen or narcotic, but it is well known for its medicinal properties. One known use is to combat rheumatism. The fruits are valued for both food and use in winemaking. 5
3-methoxytyramine 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine 3,4 dimethoxy-5-hydroxyphenethylamine 3,5 dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylamine Arizonine Dopamine Heliamine Heliamine, dehydro Mescaline Tyramine Carnegine Gigantine (5-hydroxycarnegine) Salsolidine (Norcarnegine) Salsolidine, dehydro
C. gigantea is the well known "saguaro" cactus whose image represents the American Southwest and whose bloom is the state flower of Arizona.
The fruit of C. gigantea is fermented into a beverage that is drank as part of rain making ceremonies in July and August, the beginning of the Pima and Papago Indian new year. The wine is said to have a curing and purifying effect and to be used as a weather and crop control. Resembling port or sherry it contains about 5% alcohol and becomes stronger with age.
C. gigantea is known for its medicinal uses, including the treatment of rheumatism, and has a multitude of utilitarian uses for the fruit, seeds, and stock. Though the stalk of the plant bears large amounts of water its tissue is not used internally due to its bitterness, presumably because of large alkaloid concentrations.
Though rumored to be an indigenous hallucinogen such rumors may be completely unsubstantiated and have their basis in misinterpreted ethnobotanical and chemical data. Schultes, along with Albert Hofmann, the discoverer of the psychoactive nature of lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD), describe the plant as containing "alkaloids capable of psychoactivity." But of the alkaloids tested only gigantine was found to produce effects indicating hallucinogenic reaction, and this was entirely in animal studies. Contradicting reports have been made that it assists with "songs" (dreams), but as the fruits appear to lack alkaloids and produces an alcohol intoxication, it would seem unlikely such "dreams" fit the classical shamanistic definition of spirit flight.
Coryphantha compacta:
This species is considered a kind of peyote. It is ingested by shamans as a potent medicine which is both respected and feared. "Bakana," "Bakanawa," "Hikuli," "Wichuri." 5/P, 10/P
Coryphantha elephantidens:
This species, and the one other marked as "personal communication," were found by an acquaintance in a Mexico City market and were being called peyote by the seller. With a note of caution my acquaintance went on to say that it is possible that to some in Mexico all cacti are generally called peyote. Chemical reports, and the fact that it is being sold in the market, may be indicators of its medicinal use. Personal Communication/P
Hordenine N-methyltyramine N-methyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine N-methyl-4-methoxyphenethylamine Macromerine Synephrine 4-methoxy-(-hydroxyphenethylamine
Coryphantha macromeris:
Reportedly used as a traditional hallucinogen. K. Trout states that a bioassay experience “had been very mild and very strange, with many waves of intense nausea and extremely persistent after effects, such as distorted vision and a very weird feeling of unreality lasting for weeks after its use.” "Donana." 5
Macromerine Normacromerine
Coryphantha macromeris v. runyonii:
Reportedly used in northern Mexico. Also known as C. runyonii and once considered a Lepidocoryphantha. Due to its more complex alkaloid make-up this cacti may be a much stronger candidate as a narcotic or hallucinogenic than the standard C. macromeris. "Donana." 9 (1980 edition)
Hordenine Macromerine N-methyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine Normacromerine N-formylmacromerine N-formylnormacromerine N-methyl-4-hydroxytyramine N-methyl-4-methoxyphenethylamine Metanephrine N-methylmetanephrine N-methyltyramine Synephrine Tyramine
Coryphantha palmeri:
Has been reportedly used as an hallucinogen in Mexico. Showing positive on alkaloid test; unpublished. 5, 10
Dolichothele spp:
Some Dolichothele species are synonymous with, or have been incorporated into, Mammillaria. 9/P
Dolichothele longimamma:
This cactus is better known as Mammillaria longimamma. "Peyotillo." 7/P, 8/P
Normacromerine Synephrine N-methyl-4-methoxy-b-hydroxyphenethylamine (longimammin) 6-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4,-tetrahydroisquinoline longimammosine) 8-hydroxy-2-methyl-THIQ (longimammidine) 6-methoxy -THIQ (longimammatine) 4,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-THIQ (longimammamine)
Echinocactus spp:
The mention of this genus in the early literature may be a misunderstanding in past nomenclature as Lophophora williamsii was once considered an Echinocactus. 9/P
Echinocactus grusonii:
The common Golden Barrel Cactus. Its being sold at market as peyote may possibly suggest medicinal usage. Personal Communication/P
Echinocactus visnaga:
This barrel cactus may possibly be the Huichol peyote known as "aikutsi." This species' juice is said to be mixed with peyote and eaten so as to prevent one from becoming too intoxicated. Its tentative identification as a "false peyote" was suggested by James Bauml of the Los Angeles County Arboretum. 6/P
Echinocereus salm-dyckianus:
A "false peyote" sometimes called "pitallito" or "hikuri" and which is considered weaker that the other peyote cacti. Said to have "high mental qualities." It is sung to by the Tarahumara as it is being collected. 5/P, 10/P
Echinocereus triglochidiatus:
A "Pitallito" said to have "high mental qualities". Like E. salm-dyckianus it is sung to during collecting. This weak "false peyote" was once thought to carry a "typtamine derivative" (Schultes and Hofmann, 1992), but published chemical studies have located only N,N-dimethylhistamine. Its seems probable that a clerical mistake resulted in the false publication. 5/P, 10/P
N, N-dimethylhistamine
Epithelantha micromeris:
Valued by the Tarahumara as a narcotic that is said to "make the eyes large and clear to see sorcerers, to prolong life and to give speed to runners." It is also ingested as a stimulant and protector by runners. Reportedly it can drive evil people insane or throw them off cliffs. Considered a "false peyote" which is often called "hikuli mulato," the "dark skinned peyote". 5/P, 9, 10/P
Tyramine N-methyltyramine Hordenine 3-methoxytyramine 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine N-methyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine
Lophophora diffusa
Though apperently considered a peyote cactus, there appears to be a lack of ethnobotanical information pointing out any systematic usage. One report of ingestion exists to my knowledge, it verifies the hallucinogenic activity of this species, but claims a Tropane like intoxication. One of two well accepted species within the genus Lophophora. 2/P
Hordenine Pellotine Anhalinine Anhalonidine Isopellotine N-methylmescaline Mescaline O-methylpellotine
Pellotine 65-88% % of total alkaloid content
Mescaline 1.3 % of total alkaloid content
Lophophora williamsii
Many books and articles cover all aspects of this cactus' history, ethnobotany, and chemistry, the most indepth being E.F. Anderson’s “Peyote: The Divine Cactus.” This plant is the primary “Peyote” cactus and the most potent of all known mescaline containing cacti. Many forms of L. williamsii exist, many of which are classified as species themselves, but it is unlikely that they will ever gain recognition as such. L. williamsii is apperently a plant with many variations in growth and flower color, but such variations are not good indicators for taxon re-classification.
Mescaline 30 % of total alkaloid content (1 % dry weight)
Pellotine 17 % of total alkaloid content
Anhalonidine 14 % of total alkaloid content
Glycine 8 % of total alkaloid content
Lophophorine 5 % of total alkaloid content
3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine 1-5 % of total alkaloid content
Alkaloids found in Lophophora williamsii. Please bear in mind this list only contains 6 of the over sixty Alkaloids known to be present in L. williamsii
The sections of Lophophora Williamsii and Diffusa differ chemically in the composition of their alkaloids. L. Diffusa are a lot closer to each other in this respect and stand out clearly from that of L. Williamsii. L. Williamsii contains around 15-30% of the alkaloid mescaline compared with a maximum concentration of only 1.3% mescaline in L. Diffusa. Along side of this, L. Williamsii contains 14-17% of the
toxic alkaloid pellotine, whereas L. Diffusa’s content of the alkaloid can be as high as 65-88%.
Mammillaria spp:
Considered the most important "false peyotes" of the Tarahumara. Used as visual hallucinogens which are characterized by brilliant colors. During sleep the partaker is said to travel great distances. The top potion of the de-spined plant is considered the most powerful part. 9, 10/P
Mammillaria craigii:
This "peyotl" cactus is known to the Tarahumara as "wichuri" or "peyote de San Pedro." It is split open, occasionally roasted, and the inner tissue is used. 5/P, 10/P
Mammillaria grahamii:
Used in special ceremonies by shamans. Fruits are also said to produce effects. 10/P
Mammillaria grahamii v. oliviae:
This peyote cactus is often called "hikuri." 5/P
Mammillaria heyderii:
"Mammillaria heyderi is a little discussed species, which is reported to be used by the Tarahumaras. We first encountered this species in the Tarahumara-English dictionary compiled by the Swedish explorer Ivar Thord-Gray. Discussing sorcery and black magic among the Tarahumaras, Thord-Gray reports, that 'only the shaman is umeru-ame (powerful) enough to locate wizards and witches. To do this he will make medicine from ball-cactus wichu-ri-ki, which is greatly feared for its magical powers. This medicine will clear his vision. It matters not how well the suku-ru-ame (wizard, witch) is hidden, the shaman can see him clearly' ...Not only is this cactus useful for locating wizards and supplying food, but it is also used as a medicine to cure or relieve headaches. 'After the spines are removed, the plant is cut up into two or more pieces, roasted for a few minutes, and then part of the stuff is pushed into the ear.' ...(This) is corroborated by Bennett & Zingg, who describe the same manner of roasting the cactus before 'the soft center in pushed into the ear in the case of ear-ache or deafness.' Thord-Gray also reports that wichu-ri-ki is an important medicine that will prolong life, 'make the foot light and increase the speed of a runner in a race.' The Tarahumara name for the cacti listed by Bennett & Zingg is witculiki. Witculiki and wichu-ri-ki are possibly related to wichuwa-ka, which means 'crazy, demented, mad, insane, etc." (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973)
Known in Spanish as "biznaga de chilillos," with the edible red fruits called "chilitos." This species, and other latex-containing Mammillarias are often sold in the drug stalls of Mexico and are used as popular folk remedies. M. applanata, M. hemisphaerica and M. Meiacantha are generally believed to be M. heyderi. 2/P, 10/P
N,-methyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine
Mammillaria longimamma:
This cactus is sometimes called "peyotillo," or "peotillo." Once known as Dolichothele longimamma and sometimes still sold as such. 1/P, 5/P
Mammillaria pectinifera:
"Peyotillo," "cochinito" (little pig). Mammillaria pectinifera and Solisia pectinata are synonymous, Mammillaria pectinifera being the more accepted of the two names. 1/P, 5/P
Mammillaria senilis:
Synonymous with Mamillopsis senilis. Considered sacred. 5, 10/P
Neoraimondia macrostibas:
Used within the hallucinogenic beverage "cimora" made from T. pachanoi. The alkaloids of this cacti species are unknown, but the related N. arequipensis carries 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylamine and 3,4-Dimethoxyphenethylamine. 9
Obregonia denegrii:
"Peyotillo," "obregona," "obregonita." This cactus is known as a peyote due to B.P. Reko's chemical studies which found that it contained alkaloids similar to those in the well known Ariocarpus (Roseocactus) peyote species. From this data alone comes the assumption of O. denegrii being a peyote species. Extracts of this cactus have been shown to have antibiotic activity. 1/P, 2/P, 5/P, 7/P
Hordenine Tyramine N-methyltyramine
Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum:
A multi-purpose plant from which the juice of the young branches is employed by the Tarahumara to make the narcotic beverage "cawe," "chawe," or "wichowaka" (insanity). The beverage causes dizziness and visual hallucinations. It is also used for purely medicinal purposes. The related P. weberi contains upwards of 30 different alkaloids. 5, 9, 10
3,4-dimethoxyphenetylamine Salsolidine 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenethylamine 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethylamine Arizonine Carnegine Heliamine Isosolsoline Solsoline
Pelecyphora aselliformis:
A well known peyote cactus often called "peote," "peyotillo," "peotillo," "piote," and "peyote meco." A medicinal plant sold in drug markets in San Luis Potosi as a remedy for fevers and used for rheumatic pains. William Emboden claims to have witnessed the efficacy of this plant as a “psychomimetic.” Extracts have been shown to have antibiotic activity. 1/P, 2/P, 5/P, 7/P, 8/P, 10/P, 4/P
Anhalidine Hordenine Tyramine N-methyltyramine Phenethylamine N-methylphenethylamine 4-methoxyphenethylamine N-methyl-4-methoxyphenethylamine 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine N-methyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine Mescaline N-methylmescaline Pellotine N,N-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine 3-dimethyltrichocereine
Pelecyphora psuedopectinata:
Considered a peyote species by the natives of Tamaulipas, but not generally refered to as such. Found to lack a close relation to P. aselliformis and could possibly be transfered to a different genus. 2/P, 5/P
Hordenine
Solisia pectinata:
This species classification as a "peyotillo" may have been due to its initial misidentification as a Pelecyphora, a well known peyote cactus. No known recorded history of aboriginal use. "Cochinito" (little pig). This species has become better known as Mammillaria pectinifera. 2/P, 5/P, 7/P, 8/P
N-methyltyramine Hordenine
Strombocactus disciformis:
A well known peyote species whose chemical analysis and subsequent publication is long overdue. This peyote species is by far one of the most beautiful species, unfortunately it is incredibly slow growing, but does well grafted. Showing positive on alkaloid tests. Unpublished. 1/P, 2/P, 5/P, 7/P, 8/P, 4/P
Trichocereus brigesii:
This plant was first recognized as an aboriginal inebrient in an essay written by Wade Davis, a student of R.E. Schultes, and published in a Harvard Botanical Leaflet in 1983. Wade Davis’ 1997 publication One River also makes mention of this plants use among indigenous populations in Peru. Testing shows this plant contains over 25 mg. of mescaline per 100 grams of fresh plant, equal with T. pachanoi. Three different varieties of this spieces are known, v. brevispinus, v. longispinus, and v. lageniformis. Monstrose forms can also be found in cultivation. This species is wonderful for grafting, but care must be taken with watering as it is more supseptable to rotting than T. pachanoi. 3/P, 11 (see note #2)
3-Methoxytyramine 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine 3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyphenethylamine Tyramine 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylamine Mescaline
Trichocereus macrogonus:
One known report has claimed that this species is stronger than T. pachanoi, even though studies have shown mescaline concentrations of only 5 to 25 mg. per 100 grams of fresh plant. 11
3-Methoxytyramine 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine 3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyphenethylamine Tyramine 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylamine Mescaline
Trichocereus pachanoi:
Trichocereus pachanoi is often know as the San Pedro cactus, but has numerous locality titles. Its ancient use has become altered by the integration of Catholic themes and pagan beliefs. It is still used to this date by native curanderos in Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador. Often made into the hallucinogenic beverage "cimora" which can also include Iresine, Brugmansia, Datura, Pedilanthus tithymaloides, and Isotoma longiflora. Frequently the Tropane containing Brugmansia aurea or B. sanguinea are added. It is not certain if these plant additions increase the effects of the mescaline present or simply add a new component to the experience. Reports over the last few years seem to suggest that a natural mono amine oxidase inhibitor can be safely used to inhibit the mescaline destroying enzyme MAO, thereby allowing dosages to be halved for similar effect. The mescaline concentrations are 25 mg. per 100 grams of fresh material, but this can be quite variable as is shown by a 2.0 level of mescaline being found in a dried sample. This species is by far one of the best of grafting stocks and is often the base stock seen in numerous publication. Rib number is quite variable, ranging generally from 5 to 8, though occasionally the 4 ribbed “Cactus of the Four Winds” can be observed, but apperently 4 ribbed growth is an anomally and the plant returns to more ribs after a few inches of growth. The addition and subtraction of ribs during growth is quite common. Crestate and monstrose specimens can occasionally be found. I have also had the fortune of seeing a varigated T. pachanoi. This plants use as an hallucinogen is becoming much more common around the world and its use in grafting by members of the Native American Church could help save the natural populations of Lophophora williamsii. 1, 2, 5, 9, 10, 11
3-methoxytyramine 3-demethylmescaline 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine 3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyphenethylamine 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylamine 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethylamine Anhalonidine Anhalinine Hordenine Mescaline Tyramine Pellotine
Trichocereus peruvianus:
Chemical studies indicate that T. peruvianus contains mescaline levels nearly as high as lowest tested L. williamsii, but alkaloid levels can be quite variable from cactus to cactus. A single known study of the KK242 variety found the dried plant to contain .82 mescaline, nearly as high as L. williamsii’s range of 0.9 to 6.3 using dried material for analysis. Interestingly, dried T. pachanoi has also tested as high as 2.0, twice as high as the .82 recovery of T. peruvianus. K. Trout mentions this species as being a sacred cacti in Peru, but fails to give supporting ethnological data. Considering the relatively recent discovery of the native use of T. brigesii this should not be hard to believe. Though considered by most to be a species unto itself there still appears to be a lot of confusion regarding its proper identification. A few variations are known to be available domestically in the USA, including the KK242 variety from areas surrounding Matucana, Peru, and the short spined variety from Huancabamba, Peru, but many more local variations appear to exist. The short spined variation is nearly identical to T. pachanoi in its apperance; a mostrose form of it can also sometimes be found. It is quite possible that many misidentified plants are being sold as T. peruvianus, but it must also be noted that locality variations and hybrids do exist in cultivation and in nature, and that this may effect proper identification. 11 "Peruvian Torch", "Prickly Pear"
Tyramine 3-Methoxytyramine Mescaline 2-chloromescaline 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine 4-hydroxy-3-5-dimethoxyphenethylamine
Trichocereus werdemannianus/tersheckii:
This is a very large and rapidy growing plant with many long formidable spines. Appearently there is no mention in the literature of native or contempory usage. 11
3-methoxytyramine 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine 3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyphenethylamine 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylamine Mescaline (5 to 25 mg per 100 grams of fresh material) Tyramine.
"The dried branches of Trichocereu tersheckii (Parmentier) Britton & Rose, contains 0.25 to to 1.2% alkaloids. From this source trichocereine, a new vegetable base, and the allready known mescaline have been isolated and characterised. The ratio of trichoereine to mescaline is 5:1. The chemical structure of Tricohereine (ether soluble) has been shown to be N-dimethylmezcaline (chloroform soluble) by degradation, and its synthesis has been achieved by allowing 3,4,5-trimethoxy-beta-phenyletyhyl chloride to react with di-methylamine."
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja01148a097
Trichocereus validus:
This species was found to have a rich alkaloid content, 50% of which is mescaline. Found to contain over 25 mg of mescaline per every 100 grams of fresh material. Also known as Echinopsis valida. Some confusion exists over which plant was used for the alkaloid study, the plant described by Backeberg, possibly becoming tree like and having white flowers, or the commonly sold clumper which has red flowers. 11
Mescaline
Trrihocereus
Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele:
This cactus may have earned the name "peyotillo" simply due to statements suggesting that another peyote species grew in the area surrounding Queretaro besides Lophophora diffusa and Strombocactus disciformis, two known peyote cacti. 2/P, 5/P
Hordenine
pseudomacrochele Analysis by: Bruhn & Bruhn 1973
Hordenine Sole alkaloid. 1-10% 1-10 mg of total alkaloids per 100 gm. fresh.
pseudomacrochele ssp. krainzianus Analysis by: Štarha et al.1999
Hordenine 49.60% [±0.55] of total alkaloid fraction of 250-500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Anhalinine 29.24% [±0.04] of total alkaloid fraction of 250-500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
N-Methylmescaline 3.27% [±0.09] of total alkaloid fraction of 250-500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
N,N-Dimethylmescaline 2.89% [±0.15] of total alkaloid fraction of 250-500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Mescaline 2.48% [±0.19] of total alkaloid fraction of 250-500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Anhalonidine 2.44% [±0.13] of total alkaloid fraction of 250-500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Phenethylamine 1.12% [±0.13] of total alkaloid fraction of 250-500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Tyramine 0.98% [±0.18] of total alkaloid fraction of 250-500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
O-Methylanhalidine 0.77% [±0.04] of total alkaloid fraction of 250-500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Pellotine 0.36% [±0.08] of total alkaloid fraction of 250-500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
N-Methyl Tyramine Trace detected
Turbinicarpus pseudopectinatus:
Anderson's reference to this species as a peyote is the only one located. Chemical studies are needed. 1/P
Turbinicarpus species Analytical details
lophophoroides Analysis by: Štarha et al.1999
Alkaloid Quantity present
Hordenine 91.69% [±0.54] of total alkaloid fraction of over 500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Anhalonidine 2.37% [±0.12] of total alkaloid fraction of over 500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Tyramine 1.82% [±0.17] of total alkaloid fraction of over 500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Phenethylamine 1.04% [±0.27] of total alkaloid fraction of over 500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
O-Methylanhalidine 0.55% [±0.02] of total alkaloid fraction of over 500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
N-Methylmescaline 0.51% [±0.11] of total alkaloid fraction of over 500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Pellotine 0.46% [±0.08] of total alkaloid fraction of over 500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Anhalinine 0.15% [±0.08] of total alkaloid fraction of over 500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
N-Methyl Tyramine 0.13% [±0.11] of total alkaloid fraction of over 500 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Mescaline Trace detected
N,N-Dimethylmescaline Trace detected
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus
Analysis by: Štarha et al.1999
Hordenine 43.02% [±1.86] of total alkaloid fraction of 100-250 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Anhalonidine 19.86% [±1.41] of total alkaloid fraction of 100-250 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Anhalinine 17.19% [±1.00] of total alkaloid fraction of 100-250 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Pellotine 9.02% [±0.06] of total alkaloid fraction of 100-250 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Tyramine 5.46% [±0.14] of total alkaloid fraction of 100-250 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
O-Methylanhalidine 2.76% [±0.42] of total alkaloid fraction of 100-250 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
Phenethylamine 1.1% [±0.12] of total alkaloid fraction of 100-250 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
N-Methylmescaline 1.02% [±0.21] of total alkaloid fraction of 100-250 mg total alkaloids per 100 gm of fresh plant
N,N-Dimethylmescaline Trace detected
N-Methyl Tyramine Trace detected
only about a pound and a half so i am still able to make a bit of sense online
