I have only every heard that 12/12 is the way to go. Are you ready to flower? After you flower, you are set to go the next 8-10 weeks with NO mistakes. Mistakes in veg will slow your plants down, mistakes in flower will cause hermaphrodites, bud rot, and a host of other diseases and complications. I'd be happy to help but some answers about your plants is needed.
How old are your plants?
I'm assuming they're in soil, have you added nutrients to your plants yet?
Technically you can flower with cfl's but your harvest will not compare to what a hps light would give you.
You asked about what to water them with, if you don't have a filtration system, set up a reservoir and let it sit out for 2-3 days stirring occasionally. This will remove the harmful chlorine in your drinking water. If you prefer, distilled water works too. Look into nutes tho.