The links were way too cool!Hmmm....
First things,first....
-Even if we knew everything about every wavelength of light,still it would be the worst option ,to supply these wavelengths ,using
different actinic leds ...(Monochromatic)....Most of them are unefficient and/or heavily dependant on Tj for effective operation...
Not to mention the spectral 'mixing' ( homogenizing ) difficulties and compromises...
-CO[SUB]2[/SUB] does not actually break into C & O[SUB]2[/SUB]...In,fact with the use of radioactive-isotopes ,we know that is the water that breaks (Photolysis)...
It has been proven that the O[SUB]2 [/SUB]evolved in PS originates from H2O, not from CO2.
-Resonance...Mhhh ...
The excitation energy in antenna pigments is transferred to the reaction center by fluorescence resonance
energy transfer, a non-radiative process with up to 95 to 99% energy transfer efficiency.
Let's see what other we know...
Light is funneled to two photosystems with the red-absorbing reaction center pigments P680 and P700
The light funnel consists of antenna pigments that absorb different colors of light.
By having P680 and P700 absorbing such long-wavelength/low-energy light, evolution has provided a pathway for photosynthesis to harvest virtually the entire visible spectrum!
"Emerson went on to study the effect of wavelength on photosynthesis. This kind of plot is sometimes called an "action spectrum", it shows how effectively various wavelengths drive photosynthesis. Superimposed on this plot we see the quantum yield as a function of wavelenth of the photons. In both sets of curves, you can see that photons of green wavelength are less efficient than those in blue and red wavelengths. Photons with wavelength beyond 700 lack sufficient energy to drive photosynthesis! Recall that blue wavelengths have higher energy than red wavelengths. This fact tells us that whatever pigments are involved in photosynthesis, they apparently have a minimum energy required to excite an electron that is found in a red photon. "
http://plantphys.info/plant_physiology/light.shtml
http://plantphys.info/plant_biology/photopart.shtml
Also.....
Shade Adaptations and Light Concentrating Mechanisms
Columnar superficial palisade cells allow efficient capturing of light despite the sieve effect (which arises
from gaps between chloroplasts that reduce absorption compared to chlorophyll in solution). Light
channeling may also divert light through the vacuole or the cell wall areas to facilitate transmission into
deeper layers of the leaf. The spongy mesophyll in the leaf interior has many reflecting interfaces which
cause light scattering and increase the probability for light absorption. Leaves of plants living in the
understory in dim light may have focusing mechanisms (convex epidermal cells) that focus the light
onto the chloroplasts. Trees have elaborate branching structures of leaves, which tend to maximize overall
light absorption by the plant. Plants competing for light in the understory may receive up to 50% of their
light as sunfleckstransient sun exposuresand can often rapidly ramp up PS and stomatal opening
during these brief events. Light reaching the understory is least depleted in the far red wavelengths compared to blue or red etc.
Many plants alter their leaf angles to track the position of the sun (solar
tracking), including alfalfa, cotton, soybean, lavatera, and lupine.
This is a blue light response, which is often controlled at the pulvinus found at the junction of the blade and the petiole,
and such leaves are called diaheliotropic. Such plants are often competing in short growing seasons.
Plants in deep shade often acclimate, but the plant (or at least the shade-adapted leaves) may not be able
to survive if the habitat becomes sunny, due to photoinhibition.
Here are general properties and tendencies of shade leaves compared to sun leaves:
have more total chlorophyll per reaction center
tend to be thinner, with thinner palisades
have less rubisco and less xanthophyll (which is photoprotective)
have higher ratio of PSI to PSII (3:1 compared to 2:1), or have more antenna chlorophyll in PSII. These
adaptations enhance light absorption and energy transfer to make better use of the relatively more
abundant far red light.
have lower rates of respiration (dark respiration) and lower Light Compensation Point
have lower maximum PS rates (saturation) that sun plants
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As for the relation Power to Efficency ,for leds...
The most efficient led dies are the 1 Watt chips..
The lower current,that drives a led ,the higher the efficiency,converting electricity into light!!!
Do not expect 3-5-10 Watt leds to be more efficient than 1 Watt led...
Instead, 10 x 1 Watt leds are far more powerful (and efficient) than 1 x 10 Watt led...
Plus ,the heat from multiple dies gets more easily dissipated ...
A 10 Watt led ,concentrates a lot of heat in a very small area...
Difficult to cool ,keep working efficiently and have a long operational(service ) life...
Probably,you save some money when buying...Nothing else...(Although ,asian 1 Watt leds cost less than .5$ ,per piece....)
Worth to give it try ,though....
Specs....
Asian leds ,also have data sheets....
But they do not 'fall' exactly ,on the sheets specs...
At least,not all of them..(the leds..)...
..
Although,the asian led makers, have already developed
plenty of methods( e.x. thicker phosphor layer-more quantity of phosphor) to make their leds more 'uniform' ,
regarding spectra, & output power( better quality of mirror,silicone,protective lens & better dies,ect)
Nice to meet you all again! Hope to see you again in our places. Hope all of you are fine !
in theory below 1K, lets say +/- 1k for easeHow exactly you measured the Tj ?
no, but it is a good Way if you start a Design!Did you just, add up the thermal resistances ?
Leds: 48W; Fans: 2WHow many Watts is your panel ?
.....almost NEVER!.....85°C is no problem ? Are you sure ?
Well,for starters C3 plants have more ChB in general...
ChA is a more 'tropical' photosynthetic pigment....
(Only, Equatorial areas have plenty of 650-680 nm in sunlight...Greater angle of sun..Less red photons absorbed by water in atmosphere)..
660 nm light in C3 plants ,mainly alter the phytochrome state from the "base " Pr to "active" Pfr...
Lots of Pfr.....
I have performed quite a bit of real-life experiments with 660nm leds....
Cactii seem to like it...
C3 plants ,no...In fact,not at all...
They adapt their leaves to "extreme sunlight conditions"..
Few ,small(reduced lamina surface area) and thick leaves is what you get with 660 nm reds...
Abnormal stem/petiole growth..Extensive internodal streching...
Closed stomata..Reduced respiration/transpiration..And reduced CO[SUB]2[/SUB] intake...
(You need elevated CO2 concentration in atm. )
Lower Photosynthetic Saturation Point (easy to get "CO[SUB]2[/SUB] limited " )
Increased photo-oxidation and photoinhibition
Long and flimsy buds....
And a reproductive state ,that lasts.... forever...
Difficult for flowers to reach maturity.If at all....
Do all these ring a bell ?
Tip:.....Tropical Sativas....
...
...
I believe that Warm White leds carry all the orange,red and NIR (far red ) a plant needs...With a nice 'nature-like' spectral curve...
And Warm Whites ,do not emit so much at blue region...
Way better than any actinic red...With higher efficiency and stability...
I just 'top' the 620-640 region with only a few reds....
And it seems that the whole concept is working ,better than,of what was expected....
...
...
Why cheap leds ?
1) They do the job.With a small difference( in power -25% max.) in comparison with high-quality leds.
The big difference is their price..(-1000% min.)
2) All leds, are subject to constant development.
Why pay a s..load of money on leds ,that next year will be 'old history' ?
Better ,save the money ,buy the new ones and constantly keep the panel upgraded ,to the latest tech...
3)They do not need reflow oven to be soldered.Easy to service/change.
Why cheap CC driver ?
-If it gets fried ,it is very cheap to buy a new one...
It's just a power supply.
Not a sophisticated,mono-block, high-end sound amplifier....
No need to be an expensive piece of electronics...
Why cheap PCB ?
Because they do the job just fine....
A plain 'sandwich' of thin aluminium plate,less than 100 microns epoxy insulation layer and copper 'lines'..What more to ask ?
And...
The heatsink stays there...For the full service life of panel(s)....
Never to be changed.
But its role,probably,is the most crucial one...
High quality leds with bad cooling or mediocre leds with ideal cooling ?
Which one works best,you think ?
Moreover....It's is not just 'parts' quality...
There are many other things to take under consideration such as overall efficiency,serviceability,ability of upgrading,retail price,ect....
Which add up to overall quality...
...
...
There is not such thing as 'penetration'....
Light is not a bullet.
"Penetration" stands ONLY for green/yellow light.That's the only wavelength that 'penetrates' a leaf.All other wls are absorbed by photosystems.
Moreover ,even if the statement "penetration" was true,it would have had a meaning for a single-point light source.Like HIDs for example.
These panels are designed to be placed ,wherever canopy needs illumination.
They are not a single-point light source.
A number of them,placed accordingly to canopy,work as 'one' surrounding light source.
Thus,penetration,even if it was standing true,has no meaning,since there is not a dark spot/area,with multiple light sources...
No matter of phenotypes,lateral or vertical growth..
...
...
1 Watt leds ,apart from being the most efficient,they produce small amounts of heat...
Easier to keep cool ,than 3,5,10,ect Watt leds...
...
...
Very good questions,BTW...
This is what I'm talking about!found that adding 2 660nm (philips lumiled deep red) had very favorable results on root development
Yes ,you are right,about the spectrums...Good 630's will cover enough of the +660nm range. My 6500k plus 630nm vegged and flowered wonderfully.but then again, so do the 470+630 lights. Then again, so do the panels with r/b/g/y/w. I don't think mj is as picky as some are saying. I don't think there is a magic recipe of nm configurations to grow the best mj possible, but I do feel like there are wrong spectrums that can be used.
Well..I'm not planning to be a businessman or ..rich ,by them....Dude, you have 11 of these panels? Thats like a $1000 of aluminum right there. I'm not convinced this product is going to sell too well - people buy bells, whistles, and specification in my experience (as a consumer) so this will be seen as a fairly low powered solution by the average joe and kinda expensive with it, you may get lucky with some serious (and I mean serious!) advertising and if you can get some good "Show Grows" in places like this then you will be on the road but beware - you don't want to end up trying to sell these:
View attachment 2338127
The Zalman "Silent and Fanless PC Case" it is an amazing bit of kit, you can essentially run a PC without fans (Well nearly if I remember right) they work really good too. The problem is that for the price of one of these you could buy 30 PC cases or two high spec gaming rigs AND you are still at the mercy of ambient temps so if you live next door to Gastanker you are shit out of luck (meant with respect and affection Gas).
I don't mean to piss on your parade (and genuinely all of this is said to be helpful) but it's an important thing to think about before you find you've blown all ure cash on prototypes!
Just one more question - how many CPU fans have you actually seen actually fail and stop turning (Not anecdotal - you personally) I think I've seen one in 10 years of working,building,fixing,owning.