I believe they're Sodium vapor, Mercury vapor, and Xenon for the HPS (depending on the design) and for Metal Halide it's Mercury vapor, Argon, and Xenon gas. I might have left some out but I think I have it covered for the HID grow lamps. The way the lamps work for HPS is that the sodium alloy and mercury have to draw the arc for the bulb. The temperature of the sodium alloy is determined by the lamps power that is used to an extent. As the temperature of the Sodium vapor increases, the higher the pressure of the mercury and the sodium vapor get, that increases the terminal voltage of the lamp. As you increase the temp of the bulb, the constant current supplied to the light allows the bulb to increase in voltage and power until it reaches its max. Not allowing the bulb to properly reach its maximum temperature means your bulbs operate less efficiently and maximum power cannot be achieved. Also, the lifespan of the bulb will be reduced due to added stress on the bulbs components by the greater demand for more voltage to maintain the arc in the bulb causing it to fail much faster.