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~$500

at .15c/KWH it is $200 more per year to run a 1000W HPS vs a 700W LED. not including costs of cooling if required, or bulb replacement

so if users could not tell the difference in product you would discount the 30+% savings in cost of production?

that falls off fast relative to light at a distance (minimized of course by the combined effect of lights of multiple incidence) its diminishing returns. 9 cobs is superior to a single HID in coverage and "penetration" and strips are superior to that in theory, but probably by an order of...

the last 10 minutes he really focuses on, and describes better, something that ive espoused for a long time, how higher distance from canopy benefits "penetration"

there is single phase and 3 phase power, the latter being pretty uncommon in non-commercial installations 240VAC is always single phase in US, even in a 480/240 system

i have some 30 year old ones still kickin

those small hps bulbs are pretty inefficient to begin with, and yours is probably old i know your budget is "next to zero" but you can literally go spend $20 on a 4-pack of 15W LED bulbs and outperform that unless you live in a magical land where the electric bill never comes due

dont use CFLs. screw in white LEDs are cheap as hell, 50%+ more efficient than CFL, and contain no nasty mercury https://www.rollitup.org/t/got-my-ge-brightstiks.896869/page-21

im not sure the 90 cri makes up for the low efficiency 1500 lumens/19W is well below all the $5 1500 lumen bulbs that draw ~14W (even the 2700k 80 cri ones)

35W/SF is arbitrary, it depends on how hard you are running the LEDs as there can be a 30+% difference in lumens per watt depending how hard hey are run

would prob dissipate twice as much heat

thin base. would work best under 15W/chip

there is no upper limit, you can put as many as you want on

none are more ideal than another, they are all phosphor whites its worth understanding that the "wattages" listed above are arbitrary and the three options you listed all have their own unique efficiencies at each stated wattage

"CXM-32-35-80-54-AC00-F2-3" are old cobs. (F2) CXM32 are not commonly available and have less holder/heatsink/reflector options CXM22 are affordable, common 28mm size, and are the best value for the money. 50-75W per cob is best, youre in the 400 cob range so we def have room on pricing...

i usually recommend a similar 9 cob rig for a 4x4. never hurts to have a little extra juice unused. extra cost is nominal

thats cause there is no simple answer. 12"-18" should work with a setup that size but you really need to watch your plants

theres a handful of more efficient chips on the market for years now (including other crees) ill try to get a hold of some of these in 28mm package and test

"But anyways on an American plug there's a wider prong that I thought was line but maybe I'm wrong." its the opposite