Usually they have some sort of timing mechanism so that it will backwash at regular intervals. If you can get me the model and make of the head, of take a pic of the label on it, I'll look it up and see how it works.It's set on "conditioned water" setting. I'm not familiar with the machine or what each setting does. Should it be on the backwash setting?
That's something I'll definitely consider if I begin seeing issues with the plants. I don't really know what to be looking for, as symptoms of inferior water quality, in the plants. what mainly is filtered out that would be detrimental to the plants health?If it's using up the salt then it sounds like its working then. How long ago was it put in? There is a life span to the resin beads in it and they can either just change out the tank or replace the resin. I used to run and maintain giant RO systems and pre-treatment components for dialysis clinics. Every year or so the hardness would start to creep back up and we'd re-bed the softeners with new resin. It's a big, shitty job - definitely not recommended. Do you test for hardness at all? It's probably a good idea to get a simple home test kit and just check it monthly. Once it starts to creep up, have the softener's tank replaced.
But, you could filter it right there where that spigot is that you catch it from. You could get a filter housing and a sediment filter from Home Depot for about $50ish. Replacement filters are cheap - get the whole house type, not the 5 micron. With well water, a 5 micron would plug up immediately. They come with a 3/4" pipe thread and you could get 3/4" M-NPT to garden hose adapters and connect a garden hose from the spigot to the filter, and another hose coming out of your filter and you have an inexpensive, DIY portable sediment filter.
http://www.homedepot.com/p/GE-Whole-Home-Water-Filtration-System-GXWH04F/100471282
http://www.homedepot.com/p/HDX-Universal-Fit-String-Wound-Whole-House-Water-Filter-2-Pack-HDX2SF4/205373461
http://www.homedepot.com/p/DIG-3-4-in-Female-Hose-Thread-x-3-4-in-Male-Pipe-Thread-Swivel-Adapter-50007/100186564
http://www.homedepot.com/p/3-4-in-Thread-x-Hose-Nipple-D49/100111603