I use Bt as soon as these,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiery_skipper
appear in my garden.
The skipper butterfly seems to be the source of bud worms; at least in my area.
Last year, they appeared very early, in mid May.
I apply Bt about every three weeks, until a month into flowering.
Last year I found one live caterpillar, and another that was dead.
Please use this stuff sparingly. It works almost TOO well, endangering all species of butterflies.
I apply it to any plant that is affected by caterpillars, but avoid spraying flowering plants whose flowers attract butterflies.