Better Bud Thread
- Thread starter SativaLion
- Start date
dr.tree
Member
These are a key to unlocking huge dank yields most people use them with out even knowing. There is a give and take relationship with hormones they modify the end results of your bud by relieving the plant of it's duty of having to manufacture them, causing them to focus more on packing on the yield.
[h=2]Classes of plant hormones[edit][/h]In general, it is accepted that there are five major classes of plant hormones, some of which are made up of many different chemicals that can vary in structure from one plant to the next. The chemicals are each grouped together into one of these classes based on their structural similarities and on their effects on plant physiology. Other plant hormones and growth regulators are not easily grouped into these classes; they exist naturally or are synthesized by humans or other organisms, including chemicals that inhibit plant growth or interrupt the physiological processes within plants. Each class has positive as well as inhibitory functions, and most often work in tandem with each other, with varying ratios of one or more interplaying to affect growth regulation.[SUP][5][/SUP]
The five major classes are:
[h=3]Abscisic acid[edit][/h]Abscisic acid (also called ABA) is one of the most important plant growth regulators. It was discovered and researched under two different names before its chemical properties were fully known, it was called dormin and abscicin II. Once it was determined that the two compounds are the same, it was named abscisic acid. The name "abscisic acid" was given because it was found in high concentrations in newly abscissed or freshly fallen leaves.
This class of PGR is composed of one chemical compound normally produced in the leaves of plants, originating from chloroplasts, especially when plants are under stress. In general, it acts as an inhibitory chemical compound that affects bud growth, and seed and bud dormancy. It mediates changes within the apical meristem, causing bud dormancy and the alteration of the last set of leaves into protective bud covers. Since it was found in freshly abscissed leaves, it was thought to play a role in the processes of natural leaf drop, but further research has disproven this. In plant species from temperate parts of the world, it plays a role in leaf and seed dormancy by inhibiting growth, but, as it is dissipated from seeds or buds, growth begins. In other plants, as ABA levels decrease, growth then commences as gibberellin levels increase. Without ABA, buds and seeds would start to grow during warm periods in winter and be killed when it froze again. Since ABA dissipates slowly from the tissues and its effects take time to be offset by other plant hormones, there is a delay in physiological pathways that provide some protection from premature growth. It accumulates within seeds during fruit maturation, preventing seed germination within the fruit, or seed germination before winter. Abscisic acid's effects are degraded within plant tissues during cold temperatures or by its removal by water washing in out of the tissues, releasing the seeds and buds from dormancy.[SUP][6][/SUP]
In plants under water stress, ABA plays a role in closing the stomata. Soon after plants are water-stressed and the roots are deficient in water, a signal moves up to the leaves, causing the formation of ABA precursors there, which then move to the roots. The roots then release ABA, which is translocated to the foliage through the vascular system[SUP][7][/SUP] and modulates the potassium and sodium uptake within the guard cells, which then lose turgidity, closing the stomata.[SUP][8][/SUP][SUP][9][/SUP] ABA exists in all parts of the plant and its concentration within any tissue seems to mediate its effects and function as a hormone; its degradation, or more properly catabolism, within the plant affects metabolic reactions and cellular growth and production of other hormones.[SUP][10][/SUP] Plants start life as a seed with high ABA levels. Just before the seed germinates, ABA levels decrease; during germination and early growth of the seedling, ABA levels decrease even more. As plants begin to produce shoots with fully functional leaves, ABA levels begin to increase, slowing down cellular growth in more "mature" areas of the plant. Stress from water or predation affects ABA production and catabolism rates, mediating another cascade of effects that trigger specific responses from targeted cells. Scientists are still piecing together the complex interactions and effects of this and other phytohormones.
[h=3]Auxins[edit][/h]Main article: Auxin
The auxin indole-3-acetic acid
Auxins are compounds that positively influence cell enlargement, bud formation and root initiation. They also promote the production of other hormones and in conjunction with cytokinins, they control the growth of stems, roots, and fruits, and convert stems into flowers.[SUP][11][/SUP] Auxins were the first class of growth regulators discovered.[SUP][12][/SUP] They affect cell elongation by altering cell wall plasticity. They stimulate cambium, a subtype of meristem cells, to divide and in stems cause secondary xylem to differentiate. Auxins act to inhibit the growth of buds lower down the stems (apical dominance), and also to promote lateral and adventitious root development and growth. Leaf abscission is initiated by the growing point of a plant ceasing to produce auxins. Auxins in seeds regulate specific protein synthesis,[SUP][13][/SUP] as they develop within the flower after pollination, causing the flower to develop a fruit to contain the developing seeds. Auxins are toxic to plants in large concentrations; they are most toxic todicots and less so to monocots. Because of this property, synthetic auxin herbicides including 2,4-Dand 2,4,5-T have been developed and used for weed control. Auxins, especially 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), are also commonly applied to stimulate root growth when taking cuttings of plants. The most common auxin found in plants is indole-3-acetic acid or IAA. The correlation of auxins and cytokinins in the plants is a constant (A/C = const.).
[h=3]Cytokinins[edit][/h]
Cytokinins or CKs are a group of chemicals that influence cell division and shoot formation. They were called kinins in the past when the first cytokinins were isolated from yeast cells. They also help delay senescence or the aging of tissues, are responsible for mediating auxin transport throughout the plant, and affect internodal length and leaf growth. They have a highly synergistic effect in concert with auxins, and the ratios of these two groups of plant hormones affect most major growth periods during a plant's lifetime. Cytokinins counter the apical dominance induced by auxins; they in conjunction with ethylene promote abscission of leaves, flower parts, and fruits.[SUP][14][/SUP] The correlation of auxins and cytokinins in the plants is a constant (A/C = const.).
[h=3]Ethylene[edit][/h]
Ethylene
Ethylene is a gas that forms through the breakdown of methionine, which is in all cells. Ethylene has very limited solubility in water and does not accumulate within the cell but diffuses out of the cell and escapes out of the plant. Its effectiveness as a plant hormone is dependent on its rate of production versus its rate of escaping into the atmosphere. Ethylene is produced at a faster rate in rapidly growing and dividing cells, especially in darkness. New growth and newly germinated seedlings produce more ethylene than can escape the plant, which leads to elevated amounts of ethylene, inhibiting leaf expansion (seeHyponastic response). As the new shoot is exposed to light, reactions by phytochrome in the plant's cells produce a signal for ethylene production to decrease, allowing leaf expansion. Ethylene affects cell growth and cell shape; when a growing shoot hits an obstacle while underground, ethylene production greatly increases, preventing cell elongation and causing the stem to swell. The resulting thicker stem can exert more pressure against the object impeding its path to the surface. If the shoot does not reach the surface and the ethylene stimulus becomes prolonged, it affects the stem's natural geotropic response, which is to grow upright, allowing it to grow around an object. Studies seem to indicate that ethylene affects stem diameter and height: When stems of trees are subjected to wind, causing lateral stress, greater ethylene production occurs, resulting in thicker, more sturdy tree trunks and branches. Ethylene affects fruit-ripening: Normally, when the seeds are mature, ethylene production increases and builds-up within the fruit, resulting in a climacteric event just before seed dispersal. The nuclear protein Ethylene Insensitive2 (EIN2) is regulated by ethylene production, and, in turn, regulates other hormones including ABA and stress hormones.[SUP][15][/SUP]
[h=3]Gibberellins[edit][/h]
Gibberellin A1
Gibberellins, or GAs, include a large range of chemicals that are produced naturally within plants and by fungi. They were first discovered when Japanese researchers, including Eiichi Kurosawa, noticed a chemical produced by a fungus called Gibberella fujikuroi that produced abnormal growth in rice plants.[SUP][16][/SUP] Gibberellins are important in seed germination, affecting enzyme production that mobilizes food production used for growth of new cells. This is done by modulating chromosomal transcription. In grain (rice, wheat, corn, etc.) seeds, a layer of cells called the aleurone layer wraps around the endosperm tissue. Absoption of water by the seed causes production of GA. The GA is transported to the aleurone layer, which responds by producing enzymes that break down stored food reserves within the endosperm, which are utilized by the growing seedling. GAs produce bolting of rosette-forming plants, increasing internodal length. They promote flowering, cellular division, and in seeds growth after germination. Gibberellins also reverse the inhibition of shoot growth and dormancy induced by ABA.[SUP][17][/SUP]
[h=2]Classes of plant hormones[edit][/h]In general, it is accepted that there are five major classes of plant hormones, some of which are made up of many different chemicals that can vary in structure from one plant to the next. The chemicals are each grouped together into one of these classes based on their structural similarities and on their effects on plant physiology. Other plant hormones and growth regulators are not easily grouped into these classes; they exist naturally or are synthesized by humans or other organisms, including chemicals that inhibit plant growth or interrupt the physiological processes within plants. Each class has positive as well as inhibitory functions, and most often work in tandem with each other, with varying ratios of one or more interplaying to affect growth regulation.[SUP][5][/SUP]
The five major classes are:
[h=3]Abscisic acid[edit][/h]Abscisic acid (also called ABA) is one of the most important plant growth regulators. It was discovered and researched under two different names before its chemical properties were fully known, it was called dormin and abscicin II. Once it was determined that the two compounds are the same, it was named abscisic acid. The name "abscisic acid" was given because it was found in high concentrations in newly abscissed or freshly fallen leaves.
This class of PGR is composed of one chemical compound normally produced in the leaves of plants, originating from chloroplasts, especially when plants are under stress. In general, it acts as an inhibitory chemical compound that affects bud growth, and seed and bud dormancy. It mediates changes within the apical meristem, causing bud dormancy and the alteration of the last set of leaves into protective bud covers. Since it was found in freshly abscissed leaves, it was thought to play a role in the processes of natural leaf drop, but further research has disproven this. In plant species from temperate parts of the world, it plays a role in leaf and seed dormancy by inhibiting growth, but, as it is dissipated from seeds or buds, growth begins. In other plants, as ABA levels decrease, growth then commences as gibberellin levels increase. Without ABA, buds and seeds would start to grow during warm periods in winter and be killed when it froze again. Since ABA dissipates slowly from the tissues and its effects take time to be offset by other plant hormones, there is a delay in physiological pathways that provide some protection from premature growth. It accumulates within seeds during fruit maturation, preventing seed germination within the fruit, or seed germination before winter. Abscisic acid's effects are degraded within plant tissues during cold temperatures or by its removal by water washing in out of the tissues, releasing the seeds and buds from dormancy.[SUP][6][/SUP]
In plants under water stress, ABA plays a role in closing the stomata. Soon after plants are water-stressed and the roots are deficient in water, a signal moves up to the leaves, causing the formation of ABA precursors there, which then move to the roots. The roots then release ABA, which is translocated to the foliage through the vascular system[SUP][7][/SUP] and modulates the potassium and sodium uptake within the guard cells, which then lose turgidity, closing the stomata.[SUP][8][/SUP][SUP][9][/SUP] ABA exists in all parts of the plant and its concentration within any tissue seems to mediate its effects and function as a hormone; its degradation, or more properly catabolism, within the plant affects metabolic reactions and cellular growth and production of other hormones.[SUP][10][/SUP] Plants start life as a seed with high ABA levels. Just before the seed germinates, ABA levels decrease; during germination and early growth of the seedling, ABA levels decrease even more. As plants begin to produce shoots with fully functional leaves, ABA levels begin to increase, slowing down cellular growth in more "mature" areas of the plant. Stress from water or predation affects ABA production and catabolism rates, mediating another cascade of effects that trigger specific responses from targeted cells. Scientists are still piecing together the complex interactions and effects of this and other phytohormones.
[h=3]Auxins[edit][/h]Main article: Auxin
The auxin indole-3-acetic acid
Auxins are compounds that positively influence cell enlargement, bud formation and root initiation. They also promote the production of other hormones and in conjunction with cytokinins, they control the growth of stems, roots, and fruits, and convert stems into flowers.[SUP][11][/SUP] Auxins were the first class of growth regulators discovered.[SUP][12][/SUP] They affect cell elongation by altering cell wall plasticity. They stimulate cambium, a subtype of meristem cells, to divide and in stems cause secondary xylem to differentiate. Auxins act to inhibit the growth of buds lower down the stems (apical dominance), and also to promote lateral and adventitious root development and growth. Leaf abscission is initiated by the growing point of a plant ceasing to produce auxins. Auxins in seeds regulate specific protein synthesis,[SUP][13][/SUP] as they develop within the flower after pollination, causing the flower to develop a fruit to contain the developing seeds. Auxins are toxic to plants in large concentrations; they are most toxic todicots and less so to monocots. Because of this property, synthetic auxin herbicides including 2,4-Dand 2,4,5-T have been developed and used for weed control. Auxins, especially 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), are also commonly applied to stimulate root growth when taking cuttings of plants. The most common auxin found in plants is indole-3-acetic acid or IAA. The correlation of auxins and cytokinins in the plants is a constant (A/C = const.).
[h=3]Cytokinins[edit][/h]
Cytokinins or CKs are a group of chemicals that influence cell division and shoot formation. They were called kinins in the past when the first cytokinins were isolated from yeast cells. They also help delay senescence or the aging of tissues, are responsible for mediating auxin transport throughout the plant, and affect internodal length and leaf growth. They have a highly synergistic effect in concert with auxins, and the ratios of these two groups of plant hormones affect most major growth periods during a plant's lifetime. Cytokinins counter the apical dominance induced by auxins; they in conjunction with ethylene promote abscission of leaves, flower parts, and fruits.[SUP][14][/SUP] The correlation of auxins and cytokinins in the plants is a constant (A/C = const.).
[h=3]Ethylene[edit][/h]
Ethylene
Ethylene is a gas that forms through the breakdown of methionine, which is in all cells. Ethylene has very limited solubility in water and does not accumulate within the cell but diffuses out of the cell and escapes out of the plant. Its effectiveness as a plant hormone is dependent on its rate of production versus its rate of escaping into the atmosphere. Ethylene is produced at a faster rate in rapidly growing and dividing cells, especially in darkness. New growth and newly germinated seedlings produce more ethylene than can escape the plant, which leads to elevated amounts of ethylene, inhibiting leaf expansion (seeHyponastic response). As the new shoot is exposed to light, reactions by phytochrome in the plant's cells produce a signal for ethylene production to decrease, allowing leaf expansion. Ethylene affects cell growth and cell shape; when a growing shoot hits an obstacle while underground, ethylene production greatly increases, preventing cell elongation and causing the stem to swell. The resulting thicker stem can exert more pressure against the object impeding its path to the surface. If the shoot does not reach the surface and the ethylene stimulus becomes prolonged, it affects the stem's natural geotropic response, which is to grow upright, allowing it to grow around an object. Studies seem to indicate that ethylene affects stem diameter and height: When stems of trees are subjected to wind, causing lateral stress, greater ethylene production occurs, resulting in thicker, more sturdy tree trunks and branches. Ethylene affects fruit-ripening: Normally, when the seeds are mature, ethylene production increases and builds-up within the fruit, resulting in a climacteric event just before seed dispersal. The nuclear protein Ethylene Insensitive2 (EIN2) is regulated by ethylene production, and, in turn, regulates other hormones including ABA and stress hormones.[SUP][15][/SUP]
[h=3]Gibberellins[edit][/h]
Gibberellin A1
Gibberellins, or GAs, include a large range of chemicals that are produced naturally within plants and by fungi. They were first discovered when Japanese researchers, including Eiichi Kurosawa, noticed a chemical produced by a fungus called Gibberella fujikuroi that produced abnormal growth in rice plants.[SUP][16][/SUP] Gibberellins are important in seed germination, affecting enzyme production that mobilizes food production used for growth of new cells. This is done by modulating chromosomal transcription. In grain (rice, wheat, corn, etc.) seeds, a layer of cells called the aleurone layer wraps around the endosperm tissue. Absoption of water by the seed causes production of GA. The GA is transported to the aleurone layer, which responds by producing enzymes that break down stored food reserves within the endosperm, which are utilized by the growing seedling. GAs produce bolting of rosette-forming plants, increasing internodal length. They promote flowering, cellular division, and in seeds growth after germination. Gibberellins also reverse the inhibition of shoot growth and dormancy induced by ABA.[SUP][17][/SUP]
RIKNSTEIN
Well-Known Member
Ok, do this, grow 2 plants of the same strain and keep 1 in temps above 70F, and 1 in temps between 55F and 65F, and see what YOUR results are....mine were airy puffy buds in temps at 70F or above, and were tight and dense at temps between 55 and 65....it's all of matter of opinion...you have yours and I have mine....and mine work for me...hope yours work for you...
1blazeking
Member
High temps and bad air flow will not get your buds to their genetic potential. High temps and bad air circulation decrease thc and cause airy buds. But not in the 70s farehrenheit more like high 80s and 90s with no co2 added. But ya, just like with hot peppers, the amount of chemicals in it comes down mostly to genetics.
SativaLion
Member
Thanks bro.
Dr. Who
Well-Known Member
All good advice above. I might add that don't run the Co2 in the last 2 weeks of flower (and I move the plants in the last 2 weeks to their own cooler room. No more then 70 with a 10-15 deg drop at night.) But the biggest thing I have found is to NOT go by any given (by seed companies) # of weeks to harvest times! EVERYTHING I run gets 1-2 weeks or more run time to finish. The added time gives bigger more dense and in my opinion, higher THC/flavor levels to all buds grown. Scope your buds and don't let the trics go to much to the "dark side". I'll let them run until looking in my scope the trics "tell me" that I have to wash now, cause I have 5-7 days to harvest.
So time and grows doing so will help you dial in what your looking for......
So time and grows doing so will help you dial in what your looking for......
king edward
New Member
There is no secret for what you need.
To get stinkier:
-use a smelly strain like the cheese, uk cheese, Amnesia you can get them to your local bank dealer ( I personaly use paddyseeds )
To get heavier, stinkier:
- Simply grow your plant in a perfectly control area with attention to details and the right nutrients at the right time
- Big buds ( add some booster and a sugar complement such as a pk 13-14)
-Favorise the use of HPS for the blooming ( CFL / neon for the grow )
-Trim your plant to help the development of higher buds
- Harvest when the trichomes are milky white ( not before , after if you want more yield but not recomended)
- Dry It properly ( curing) and do not manipulate your buds too much.
IF you are not a precise or patient person .... Give up expecting a superb result
To get stinkier:
-use a smelly strain like the cheese, uk cheese, Amnesia you can get them to your local bank dealer ( I personaly use paddyseeds )
To get heavier, stinkier:
- Simply grow your plant in a perfectly control area with attention to details and the right nutrients at the right time
- Big buds ( add some booster and a sugar complement such as a pk 13-14)
-Favorise the use of HPS for the blooming ( CFL / neon for the grow )
-Trim your plant to help the development of higher buds
- Harvest when the trichomes are milky white ( not before , after if you want more yield but not recomended)
- Dry It properly ( curing) and do not manipulate your buds too much.
IF you are not a precise or patient person .... Give up expecting a superb result
king edward
New Member
I meant stickier.... bloody hell
BWG707
Well-Known Member
It seems to me that when growing outdoors, plants are not as sensitive to high temps as when growing indoors. Maybe it's got something to do with the whole outdoor environment- the unlimited airflow, bigger fluctuations in temps, unmatchable sunlight. I dunno but every time I hear about low temps indoors for tight buds I think about outdoor buds in high temps. This season my outdoors temps were routinely getting into the 90's and had drops into the 50's, and my buds were rock hard. Just wondering what makes the big difference with outdoor plants compared to indoor? Maybe its all of Nature's stresses that plants are use to dealing with in the wild that makes them healthy and hardy.
churchhaze
Well-Known Member
How did cutting off all the leaves before going 12/12 work out for you?
I also heard that all the remaining leaves are supposed to turn yellow and fall off during flowering so it must be true!
I also heard that all the remaining leaves are supposed to turn yellow and fall off during flowering so it must be true!