What ever your plants can handle, I've had mine 6-8" away from a bare bulb before and seen very little heat stress. Smaller plants you'll want to give more room, as they don't have fully developed roots systems to handle the heat/light. But the bigger ones start at a 1' or something and see how close you can get, within reason. I personally don't go more then 6" though, as they cast to much of a shadow, reducing the light other areas receive.