With hps you're obviously going to get problems with heat when you want very high ppfd so it's not like I have that large of a range to choose from. With led I would go for the high end as the goal is not to save energy by sacrificing yield potential.
And not just based on that graph, I have older data too. 600watt on a square meter is not just a lucky fit. It's the result of Zondervan, the guy who made ballast for consumers so we could run those phillips bulbs in our homes, having it tested by photobiologists and horticulture lighting experts at philips. I have part of that info. I also have that ballast lol. Not in use since a few weeks. With tens of thousands of growers and limited different types and amount of light that relationship between ppfd and gpw and gr/sqft became quite obvious and common sense.
This may come as a mindfuck to some here but I posted a thread about cree leds with some essentials, efficiency table from supra, driver table, some a x v = c examples lol, in the main dutch grow forums. A week later and some discussion, some examples from here and growmau, a handful of growers already ordered, including one of the better growers (breeder at NAW seeds) and many more are excited.
Growers have been hooking up ballasts and relay boards here for years. It's no different, just minor details, matter of doing, and doesn't require any special knowledge or hype. Cxb 36v on 1400ma vs 700 illustrates a lot. Less heat and less electricity is more stealth and that is worth good money for some, especially with the daily raids. Figured I'd be nice and point out cree cobs and stress the ability to buy higher gpw. It was a preemptive strike to tone down future hype to more realistic expecations but I think I spawned a whole new section for the led cult.
It's quite funny to see some responses. A relevant example, one guy wanted to replace 2400watt hps (dimlux with boost) with 2400watt cobs (48 at 50w), in a 5x10 tent. He was thinking that 1.5gpw comes from 50% more bud instead of a power saving, but yeah space is limited.
Anyway, I recommended 800-900ppfd there too. I'm sure some will push it to lower and others to higher. Based on that ppfd they do pretty much the same thing as how light recipes have been designed by philips and gavita for many years. Nowadays that includes led colors too. Starts with species and corresponding ppfd, total space, resulting total ppf, divide by umols from a light source and you know how many you need.
A child can do the laundry.
We can debate whether that ppfd is optimal in different ways but once established for the plant species "having lots of space" doesn't and shouldn't affect the ppfd in that equation. Unless the goal is to claim high gpw
But then I would instead recommend buying more cobs, running them softer and run 900ppfd on all the space available (and a test area for 1200 and 1500). For a farmer that is really an easy one. Especially since bud is worth more than electricity. The efficiency possibilities are great but not a goal by itself. Not wanting to waste energy should not lead to wasting space or light.