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[edit] Confusion between alkali and base
The terms "base" and "alkali" are often used interchangeably, particularly outside of a scientific context, but they do not have the same meaning. While all alkaline solutions are basic, not all bases are alkaline.
The following are common mistakes:
- The phrase "measuring the alkalinity of soil" is incorrect since the property measured is actually the pH (base property).
- Calling bases that are not alkalis, such as ammonia, alkaline (ammonia is a base but not an alkali).
Also, not all salts formed by
alkali metals are alkaline; this designation applies only to those salts that are basic. And while most
electropositive metal
oxides are basic, only the soluble alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxides can be correctly called alkalis.
This definition of an alkali as a basic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal is the most common, based on dictionary definitions
[1][2], however conflicting definitions of the term alkali do exist. These include:
- Any base that is water-soluble and [3][4] In chemistry, this is more accurately called an Arrhenius base.
- The solution of a base in water [5]. This would be an Arrhenius base in solution.