Sure they can??...Forward Looking Infra Red (FLIR) can see temperature differentials down to a tenth of degree. Which means its possible to see air being exhausted from a house. I know this because I often have to use a hand held FLIR camera at work. Just smaller than a unit the police would use.
It is much harder to detect a heat source when the outside temps are already high, but the police will scan at night to overcome this. Obviously during the winter than can scan all day long. The trick is not have unusal heat emissions coming from your house. Dryers do not run 24/7 like a ventilation system would. Its also uncommon for there to be a dryer vent on the second floor of a home. If your grow room was on the second floor? If the police are scanning your house they would scan more than once and would notice the constant plume of heat from the vent.
Ideally you don't want your exhaust temps to be much higher than the temp inside your house. This can be difficult to accomplish. Try to think of what wouldn't look too unusual if you could see the air being exhausted. That being said, it would be alot harder to imagine this if you have never used a infra red camera....The most important thing to remember is that it takes more than thermal images for the police to get a search warrant for your house.