The ballast provides electrical current to the lights. Lights require a high electric current to turn on, but after they're one the electric resistance drops and the light requires less current to maintain it. A ballast takes electricity and passes it to the light at high current to start it then switches to the lower current to sustain it. You must have a ballast to limit the current after the light has turned on, or else the bulb will have high current with low resistance and blow up. There are multiple types of ballasts, and they are specific to the type of bulb you are using (although there are some that can switch between types)