Ok .. here I go AGAIN.
When a plant is under light it is multitasking, it is using the energy it is taking in, in numerous ways so it is less efficient at growing.
When in periods of darkness the plant is running off of stored energy, one of the things it does while the lights are on which takes away some of its growth efficiency, storing energy, and the plant is then more efficient at growth.
That is the very short Readers Digest Condensed Version but that is basically how it works and why an 18/6 light cycle is better than a 24/0 light cycle.
So yes in a 24/0 light cycle more energy is taken in but it is used in numerous ways all at once so a lesser percentage of what is taken in goes to growth than during periods of darkness.
That explains why people will at times say things like, oh my gosh, I swear I could tell that my plants shot up overnight. That is because they are more efficient at growth in dark periods and when in the fast growing flowering stage they can and will grow so much overnight that you can visibly notice it at times.