Everyone has their own way, but this has been working great for me.
5x feminized seeds = $40.00
8x organic potting soil 1.5 cu ft bags = $35.00
1x bag of seed starting potting mix = $8
1x 8ft untreated lumber = $8.00
1x box of nails = $4.00
1x bag of organic dry fertilizer = $8.00
1x soaker hose = $10.00
1x timer for water hose = $40.00
1x food grade DE = $10.00
1x insecticidal soap = $6
First I go to Home Depot and buy untreated lumber and have the employees cut the wood for me. I go home, hammer it with the nails, fill the bed with potting soil and lay down the soaker hose. Attach the timer and set it to go off every 48 hours for five minutes (adjust as needed).
Meanwhile I get my seeds, put them in containers -- I've used everything from milk jugs to smart pots -- and let them grow indoors for 3-4 weeks in a sterilized seed starting mix. I like Miracle Grow Seed Starting Mix because its widely available and works good enough. For the raised beds I use Kellogg brand soils, but any local brand should be fine. I mainly look for lots of organic matter in the forms of green manures, regular manures, and compost. I've found as long as you have a lot of soil (100+ gallons) it doesn't really matter what brand you use.
Auto-flowering and most Indicas shouldn't need any fertilizer the first year. Your very heavy feeding hybrids and Sativas might need some feedings in late summer and again in the fall. I address this by buying a four pound bag of Kellogg All Purpose Organic Fertilizer (Epsoma is just as good). I mix 1 cup of fertilizer with 5 gallons of water. Stir and pour. 2-3 feedings a year is plenty. Having a timer and soaker hose (or even a drip irrigation setup) is a huge time saver, but if you can tap into or use your lawn's automatic sprinker system go that route.
The last thing you'll need is some pest control products. I'm not a big fan on neem personally, but I do like oils in general. Instead of neem I like sesame and tea tree oil, but if you like neem that's fine. Just use it early in the season and often. Most oils should cost around $6-$10 and last all year. Another good thing to have on hand is food grade diatomacous earth (never use the pool stuff) and insecticidal soap. Each go for around $10 and again should last all year. You can also just use soap + water almost the whole year and mix it up with a little extra olive oil instead of neem if you want to be extra cheap. It won't have any deterrent abilities but as long as your on top of your garden it will keep things under control.
Figure $180 - $200 should have you covered for a year and that's the max you would need to spend all year and should produce 2lb - 3lbs trees (assuming you get them in the ground by late march. If you can start them indoors in Jan and take them out in late march you can easily get 4+ lb per plant outside.