Some Advice
Somewhere between a complete and incomplete metamorphosis, thrips have a unique way of growing up. Two of their stages, the prepupal and pupal stages, at least for some species, are spent in the soil, growing medium and other friable material. In a nutshell, they will fall off the plant and drop to the ground. Good news, with the right tools they can easily be controlled down-under. Right tools like the predatory mite
Stratiolaelaps scimitus. Not all thrips species, mind you, do this but the majority of which growers will be concerned with do. Some common species are flower thrips, echinothrips, greenhouse thrips, onion thrips and, by far the most prevalent, the western flower thrips.
For The Scout
Scouting for thrips should entail a proper regimen, as always. And in this regimen growers can use a considerable variety of tools.
Yellow sticky traps are one such tool. And if you’re using biocontrol agents to treat for or prevent other pests, which may be captured in yellow traps, then blue sticky traps are also very good at trapping thrips. Thrips, especially the larval stages, are, however, more difficult to count on blue traps. A proper scouting regimen will also utilize single plant inspections. For thrips monitoring, use some plants which will bear a steady supply of flowers. These flowers may be tapped or lightly shaken over a white sheet of paper — a drop-cloth, if you will — to facilitate easy detection. Like spraying, this should be done at high noon; but we encourage midday scouting, anyway. You may also lightly blow into open flowers as this will generally lure them out.
One of the best ways to deal with thrips is to practice exclusion using an extremely fine insect screen and to carefully inspect incoming plant material, especially if it’s budding or flowering. Screening sounds pretty straightforward, but it entails planning because the material is so tightly woven, it will significantly reduce airflow. Looser meshed (anti-virus) screens are probably the way to go as they do keep most thrips outside where they belong without such a dramatic airflow reduction.
Using a trap crop is also a great idea for thrips. Blue flowers, like asters, work well. So do many other flowering plants. You may also choose to incorporate plants such as petunias and fava beans. These are especially important as they can be indicative of not only thrips, but the viruses they vector. Symptoms such as leaf spots, brown, oozing patches, necrotic leaves, concentric rings of various colors, and others, can all tell you a story about your local thrips-even if you don’t see the critters themselves. If you see some of the symptoms described, seek the help of a book containing color photos of these diseases on the varieties of plants you’re growing for a side-by-side comparison. Also, and don’t be afraid to do this, seek the assistance of professionals well-versed in identifying these problems. Start with your area university’s cooperative extension office.
Aside from seeking the thrips themselves, or looking for the disease symptoms they can cause, feeding damage may also be revealing. Silvery striations along the leaves are indicative of feeding. They feed on leaves somewhat like the way a person would mow a lawn: back and forth, or round and round, forming a pattern. The silvery patches are actually groups of individual, spent plant cells. Other symptoms of feeding may include deformed leaves, buds and flowers. Some vegetable, such as peppers and cucumbers, and some fruits, may suffer abortion. The last sign is the presence of fecal matter. The feces show themselves as tiny black specks. Please bear in mind, if you see these signs of feeding damage, you have a great deal of these nasty pests — at least locally on the plant(s) on which the symptoms appear. If it is found on a single specimen, which, coincidently, happens to be next to the door, get rid of the plant. Keeping it may spell trouble; and the plant is probably not worth it.
Some Solutions
When thrips, like the ever-popular western flower thrips, become established in your crop their foothold can be tenacious. It is, therefore, very important to locally spray at the very first sign of them — assuming they aren’t actually already resistant to whatever you’re using and you can actually get the spray to them in the first place. However, if you’re using biocontrols, your actions should be preventive and aggressive. It doesn’t have to cost very much money, but it must be preventive and aggressive for the best results! There are several biocontrol agents which are very effective against thrips. Some kill the larval stages, some the prepupal and pupal stages, others the adults. You may want to use them all. Two in particular,
Neoseiulus cucumeris (for the larvae) and
S. scimitus (as previously mentioned, for the in-ground pupal stages), when used in concert, preventively and aggressively, have proven themselves repeatedly — in interiorscapes and greenhouses.
Luring Thrips with Extracts
For a long time we’ve known that
thrips are attracted by scent as well as visual stimuli such as color. But now there may be a way to utilize this scent-attraction to help thrips trap themselves, thus removing them from the crop. One new way to do this, even though this still requires some more experimentation, is to soak plain old cotton balls in vanilla or almond extract and place them in the crop. Apparently thrips are quite attracted to these scents and will actually make their way into the cotton balls looking for the source. The good part is once they burrow into the cotton balls they find it nearly impossible to extricate themselves. This is a novel, inexpensive approach that can help reduce thrips numbers simply by way of trapping them.