From the looks of the pics, your plants may not even need nutes yet! They look GREAT!
Your leaves look a nice, healthy green--even your cotyledons, which are usually pale yellow, brown or withered away at the time a plant needs a feeding. Start when your plants show a sign of deficiency, such as a lightening of the lowest fan leaves. When they turn a lighter green, or even yellow, you know that it's time to feed.
When you do feed, always start at 50% of the recommended dose, or less. So if they recommend starting at 1/4 teaspoon, give your plant 1/8 teaspoon and see how it responds. Just mix 1 teaspoon/2-gallons instead of per gallon to achieve that ratio. Then, watch your plant. If the leaves continue to turn light, you know it's time to up the dose to 1/4 teaspoon.
If your plant greens back up and looks healthy, you know that you've fed enough. Stay at that concentration until your plant "asks" for more by showing deficiencies (which will usually show as nitrogen def. first and foremost, and is simple to correct).
As for carbonated water, I can't imagine using it--I use tap water now after using RO and realizing I don't need to. But I can't imagine your plants would flourish using it. One thing I would point out is one of your plant has leaf fringing, which is indication of a hotspot/heat buildup/heat stress. Do you have a fan blowing on your light to cool it off, or oscillating on your plants to cool them off? If so, perhaps the light is a bit close (or that plant is a bit more heat-sensitive)?