Federal Reserve Notes aren't bonded.....this makes you the moronic crackpot. They are bonded as "obligations of the US"....that bond is Joe Schmoe going to work every day and paying his taxes.....not just income taxes as you are focusing on but other federal taxes as well. This is the bond that floats any obligation of the US; genius.
Now tell me, where is this nonsense about bonding coming from? According to you, if it's not in the statute, it's not the law. And yet...it's not in there, is it!?
To Congress and the Fed and the courts that cite 12usc411 it does. You are the only one confused.
No one is claiming the Fed has the power to issue United States Notes; 12 USC 411 doesn't purport to give the Fed the power to issue United States Notes either. The logical extension of your bastardization of the court case is what reveals that your interpretation is flawed.
As you point out, authorization to issue United States Notes is tucked in the section of the code on money, which you deemed to be exceedingly significant a few pages back and evidence that only the treasury could issue
money. Now the Fed has the power to issue money? Oh, only in a sense? Then why did the court say 12 USC 411 authorizes the Fed to issue a national currency that is lawful money? The court doesn't say it's just an authorization to redeem for lawful currency!
Disprove that with law then instead of whining like a child. I proved my argument that the only lawful currency notes that exist right now are contained in 31usc5115 ; something you claim to maintain and to have spent years learning; crackpot.
You proved no such thing. You grafted whole new sentences into court cases, distorted arguments, twisted quotation marks, ignored text, referred to irrelevant definitions, and resorted to other such amateur tactics.
Tax protestors like David Merrill are pathologically opposed to taxes; they feel that they should not constitutionally have any legal obligation to pay them, and by drawing a John Nash
A Beautiful Mind-style map of the law, they're right. Alas, it is exceedingly obvious from a brief examination of any of his arguments that David Merrill has zero legal training and apparently zero experience with legal stuff as well. He's just a crackpot who wants to deny reality so that he has no obligation to pay taxes, even though the courts have dismissed every tax protest argument as utter bullshit. It has nothing to do with the truth.
You absolutely claimed US notes still exist as remnants not currently authorized for issue.
I said they hadn't been issued in more than four decades and that that the $300 million amount makes them irrelevant to financing a government that spends $10 billion a day. That doesn't mean they aren't authorized. Unfortunately for your case, $239 million of that amount has been issued and outstanding for a very long time, which leaves only $61 million even available to be issued for this redemption scheme...without a single dollar of notes issued in four decades.
The fact that the currency is authorized does not make your case plausible.
It establishes them as "inferior" which is different than "supreme". The number of justices tenders the judgement irrelevant? Now who is the crackpot with fake credentials.
Absolutely. That doesn't alter the fact that the law is what those inferior courts say it is unless and until the supreme court says otherwise (or congress weighs back in). Do you really not understand that?
There have been multiple schemes in American history to stuff extra justices on the supreme court in order to get favorable decisions. Adding justices to the court can literally change the law.
I don't have to demonstrate my "bullshit", the 9th circuit did already.....Milam. "Appellant is entitled to redeem his note, but not in precious metal."Has your whining overturned this? Thought not.
The bullshit is everything you graft on about United States Notes, not the redemption part. Milam is Federal Reserve Notes for Federal Reserve Notes, and yet you insist that there's some unspoken, hidden upholding of the magical United States Notes wash that somehow happens on redemption.
Milam and Rickman uphold redemption plain as day despite your opinion. Why would court mention coins, their status is not in question by anyone but you. Again you claim authority based on something you won't reveal because that is the only source of bullshit here. All US coins are lawful money. Provide evidence to the contrary or STFU with your delusional garbage.
My opinion isn't that they don't uphold redemption and you know it. My opinion is that they don't acknowledge or uphold the crackpot bullshit about United States Notes that they don't bother to mention at all.
Why would the court mention coins? If coins were at issue, they would mention coins, and they would go through the law on coins. But obviously coins were not at issue, because the case says Federal Reserve Notes and it says NOTHING about coins. Even if it did say something about coins, how would handing someone a penny and $1,000 in Federal Reserve Notes mean that they had received lawful money? 1 penny of lawful money versus $1,000 in not lawful money, and the court chooses to say that he received lawful money?
Obviously spurious. If the courts intended to draw these distinctions, they wouldn't have relied on you to do it for them.
No US court has ever upheld 37th congressional definition of lawful US currency notes........right.....right......US v Ware: "It is also to be noted that Congress Has already come to grips with the question whether United States notes are legal tender in 31 U.S.C. § 452, which provides:16United States notes shall be lawful money, and a legal tender in payment of all debts, public and private, within the United States, except for duties on imports and interest on the public debt."So wrong again. I would rather be Mr. Definitions than Mr. Credentials any day.
Your claim is that the statute from the 37th congress is the definition of "lawful money currency notes" by any court. What you just quoted says that congress has answered the question of whether United States are
legal tender. The court then quotes the statute, stating that United States Notes
arelawful money and
arelegal tender. The statute never claims to be a definition of lawful money and the court you just quoted doesn't call it a definition of lawful money either, despite your seeming insistence otherwise.
No court has ever said that your statute is a
definition of lawful money.
Why ask about it if you're going to ignore me anyway?
It was you that mentioned this all as outside the Civil Boundary......based on this I know for a fact you know what that means......then you complain of "rights" that are actually "benefits" of society that lie outside the Civil Boundary you highlighted. Then you continue on your merry way to ignore this.I asked you to explain it with your full credentials and authority you have claimed. Reneging on that now???You drew the civil boundary, like me to quote it??You claim authority on courts and how the relate to law, you have cited Supreme court and I have cited district court then you cite tax court.All courts mentioned in this thread pertainent to this discussion: Supreme, Federal District, Tax, Traffic.Atricle 3 of the Constitution provided for courts. Article 1 also provides for court. Explain the difference Mr. Constitution; Mr Credentials; Mr Authority.Ignorance is no excuse. You can not claim Authority that you can't explain.Tell us Mr. Credentials and Mr. Constitution..........what is the difference in all 4 of these based on the civil boundary you drew???Your furtherance in not answering this question will serve notice of your ignorance on this matter..............or as I suspect, faked defensive ignorance given the credentials you have claimed.
I have no idea what the "civil boundary" is, so you're going to have explain what you mean by that phrase. It's not a legislative term, so I'm not sure why you think I already know what it means. I don't remember drawing it either...please do quote it.
I'll be happy to answer any question you have about the authority of the courts, but you're going to have to make it more clear. What is that you want to know or what is that I said that you're disputing? I don't know what the difference is based on the "civil boundary." Perhaps you should just make your claim about the Judiciary Act in full and then let me have it.
Edit: I'm still unclear on civil boundary, but I just played a video and it's David Merrill jumping straight into the Judiciary Act, so I'll watch that and probably add another post below this to deal with it.