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not sure anyone was disputing that

remember that study that peanut butter and chocolate and dozens of other things were just as good as the $2/gram thermal paste? need some low cost options for high surface area parts. something common, nonbiodegradable, and and dirt cheap like wheel bearing grease

amazing the effect that a very slight spd difference has on lumens vs PAR figures

yes but of course you can exceed DLI (at any photoperiod really, but more easily at 24/0)

agreed but chip cost is only one part of the cost of a rig

its HPS's (or the suns) IR's effect on leaf temp ideal with hps is upper 70s to low 80s air temp ideal with LEDs is low to mid 80s air temp leaf temp same in both cases all light heats up leaves. IR more so than other spectrums LED has little to none

low 80s is actually ideal for LEDs

mixing daylights and soft white works well for all stages of growth you may be too compact under daylight alone

yup they are the same as the others described in this thread

nice! that will keep the rip-off artists at bay

so they make the boards? or just give you exclusive top bins for the usa assembly?

if you need the heat hps is a no brainer

were at 0.15 i has a customer in texas who wanted to go LED and i asked him how much his electric was and he said $0.04 i talked him out of it

https://www.hawaiianelectric.com/billing-and-payment/rates-and-regulations/average-price-of-electricity

i agree with everything you posted in your example, its pretty in line with my numbers. mine was obviously hypothetical (and not assuming overpriced $45 CXBs at 25W each) but we are in the same ball park great case of how doubling cobs takes 6 years to pay back - more efficient is not always...

the 14-16W generally are a little higher in lm/W than the 9W

14-15W bulbs are 1450-1700 lumens same as what i linked on the first page. you can order online from home depot

you'll love white light much easier to diagnose deficiencies when you can see them

i find their numbers to be conservative relative to other manufacturers, but you can play around here https://calculator.luminus.com/

i meant the measurements, is that your grid in electrical tape on the bottom? and if so how can we compare the strips that only measure out to a 3x3 square vs the cob readings all the way to corners of the 4x4? the deep corner measurements will *definitely* lower uniformity