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If you want more bubbles on a wide spread surface, you could maybe use some kind of tube

How would you overwater in fill and drain? When the water is getting (and keeping) pumped in the reservoir, there is plenty of DO in the water. The moment the water flows away, there is plenty of O2 in gaseous state. So overwatering seems impossible to me in this system. But perhaps I...

For large scale grows, you need other systems. Of course everybody should do as he thinks is right, but all these stand alone buckets.... nightmare.

When it is about nutrients and such... I am clueless. I always have to ask for help myself.

Another good reason for the pump being on/off is that O2 in gaseous state can reach the roots. Very effective. In LPA or HPA and with your pump on a timer it is impossible to overwater. The moment you stop spraying all the water will drip from the roots. Making way for oxygen. So your problem...

How can roots be too wet in hydro? As long as there is enough O2 as well, they can never be 'too wet'. In DWC they are wet 24/7.

I think some weed grows better indoors. Hydro can beat soil. 800 ppm CO2 beats 400 ppm CO2.

Temperature changes can also cause root rot (a particular one from the large family of root rots) 5 degrees (Fahrenheit) difference is not enough for that, but larger differences for sure can be harmful. But any sudden change in temperature should be avoided.

Of course it doesn't matter how you call it. I just nitpicked because some people are under the impression that the aeration does also benefit the roots because there is more DO in the water. And that this is needed. But that is not the case. If it would be my rez I would stir it up/mix...

It is not the aeration, it is mixing. That the water gets also aerated is a side effect :)

If you have a separate res (no matter for what system) you never need to aerate it. In coco the roots get their O2 in the 'normal' way, like plants in soil. O2 in gaseous state, which is way more effective then DO. Except when you drown your roots 2/7 of course.

All those weed fertilizer companies are cowboys. Most of them have no clue what they are doing. So, yes we are their Guinea pigs. They just copy stuff from the 'real' companies. Or they buy it from other companies, repack it and sell it for double, triple or even more. I am too stupid to make...

A pump and waterfall for the purpose of aeration is useless (in your set up) But for keeping your nutes mixed up it is good. This set up is run to waste, right?

Good job! After you transplanted them, how many more days did you veg them?

Don't worry: Even people who grow for many years, still don't know it all, and still talk total BS :) In reality there is not 1 way of growing the best plants. A lot of people here claim that their way or system is better. They are all wrong. There are many roads leading to Rome

I recently read that someone is following the following rule with Indica: If the plants cover 1/3 of the surface, it is time to flip. Sounds like a good thumb of rule (if is right of course :) )

Is this plant you're holding in your hand a 20 day clone as well?

Do you also have a pic of those same clones at the same time (20 days after cutting) but then not the roots, but the actual clones?

In what way does the IBA come? I have seen powder that is about 99% IBA. You mix it with water so you get a certain ppm of IBA. What do you do?

He man, did you ever purchase and use the PerfectPH ?