Not yield.. in fact I might even lose a few grams (but not much more if any, the difference if everything is controlled well is negligible).
3 gallon pot's are easier to handle, use less resources, I can get much more ventilation throught and depending on how one veg's her out, just as productive as as 5 gallon, although if I was an absolute die hard worrying about speed, 5 gallon would likely even speed up some of the initial growth a few days.
But overall 3 gallons are easier to handle and you can grow and train roughly the same size plant BUT unlike the larger diameter 5 gallon pot, the plants will have space between them and the plants will hang over the edges more of the 3 gallons allowing more ambient light to dance around the sides promoting side growth instead of just strait up growth as you will get more of with 5 gallon (larger diameter) in that space with that small of light trying to get that big of footprint on them.
Again, that's just me.. that's the way I would do it.. everyone has their own ways, I can dig it.. but for me, i could make 4 3 gallons work pretty good with that setup, it's the first setup that comes to mind 'for me'.