Finshaggy
Well-Known Member
Copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS) is a I-III-VI2 semiconductor material composed of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium. The material is a solid solution of copper indium selenide (often abbreviated "CIS") and copper gallium selenide. It has a chemical formula of CuInxGa(1-x)Se2 where the value of x can vary from 1 (pure copper indium selenide) to 0 (pure copper gallium selenide). CIGS is a tetrahedrally bonded semiconductor, with the chalcopyrite crystal structure, and a bandgap varying continuously with x from about 1.0 eV (for copper indium selenide) to about 1.7 eV (for copper gallium selenide).
http://depts.washington.edu/uwcei/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/PVcelldisplaycards.pdf
Concentrator photovoltaics & High concentrator photovoltaics
http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/32594.pdf
http://www.isetc.org/English/Archives/201010/Presentations/ISETC-2010-Oct20-Phil_Metz.pdf
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/227421386_High_Concentrator_PhotoVoltaics_efficiencies_Present_status_and_forecast
http://gcep.stanford.edu/pdfs/solar_workshop_10_04/SolarKing2004.pdf
http://www.crses.sun.ac.za/files/services/conferences/annual-student-symposium-2012/22_November/8_Schultz.pdf
Concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) is a photovoltaic technology that generates electricity from sunlight. Contrary to conventional photovoltaic systems, it uses lenses and curved mirrors to focus sunlight onto small, but highly efficient, multi-junction (MJ) solar cells. In addition, CPV systems often use solar trackers and sometimes a cooling system to further increase their efficiency.[2]:30 Ongoing research and development is rapidly improving their competitiveness in the utility-scale segment and in areas of high solar insolation. This sort of solar technology can be thus used in smaller areas. Especially systems using high concentrator photovoltaics (HCPV), have the potential to become competitive in the near future. They possess the highest efficiency of all existing PV technologies, and a smaller photovoltaic array also reduces the balance of system costs. Currently, CPV is not used in the PV roof top segment and far less common than conventional PV systems. For regions with a high annual direct normal irradiance of 2000 kilowatt-hour (kWh) per square meter or more, the levelized cost of electricity is in the range of $0.08–$0.15 per kWh and installation cost for a 10-megawatt CPV power plant was identified to lie between €1.40–€2.20 per watt-peak (Wp).
Concentrated solar power
http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/RE_Technologies_Cost_Analysis-CSP.pdf
http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy01osti/28751.pdf
Concentrated solar power (also called concentrating solar power, concentrated solar thermal, and CSP) systems generate solar power by using mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy, onto a small area. Electricity is generated when the concentrated light is converted to heat, which drives a heat engine (usually a steam turbine) connected to an electrical power generator or powers a thermochemical reaction.
Photonics is the science of light (photon) generation, detection, and manipulation through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and detection/sensing. Though covering all light's technical applications over the whole spectrum, most photonic applications are in the range of visible and near-infrared light.
Photonic Integrated Circuits
http://www.phys.sinica.edu.tw/TIGP-NANO/Course/2008_Spring/classnotes/Nano_MHS_TIGP_20080509_Photonics.pdf
http://www.photonics.ntua.gr/OptikaDiktyaEpikoinwnias/Lecture_6_Integration.pdf
http://optoelectronics.ece.ucsb.edu/sites/default/files/shared/06387568.pdf
A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) or integrated optical circuit is a device that integrates multiple (at least two) photonic functions and as such is similar to an electronic integrated circuit. The major difference between the two is that a photonic integrated circuit provides functionality for information signals imposed on optical wavelengths typically in the visible spectrum or near infrared 850 nm-1650 nm.
http://depts.washington.edu/uwcei/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/PVcelldisplaycards.pdf
Concentrator photovoltaics & High concentrator photovoltaics
http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/32594.pdf
http://www.isetc.org/English/Archives/201010/Presentations/ISETC-2010-Oct20-Phil_Metz.pdf
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/227421386_High_Concentrator_PhotoVoltaics_efficiencies_Present_status_and_forecast
http://gcep.stanford.edu/pdfs/solar_workshop_10_04/SolarKing2004.pdf
http://www.crses.sun.ac.za/files/services/conferences/annual-student-symposium-2012/22_November/8_Schultz.pdf
Concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) is a photovoltaic technology that generates electricity from sunlight. Contrary to conventional photovoltaic systems, it uses lenses and curved mirrors to focus sunlight onto small, but highly efficient, multi-junction (MJ) solar cells. In addition, CPV systems often use solar trackers and sometimes a cooling system to further increase their efficiency.[2]:30 Ongoing research and development is rapidly improving their competitiveness in the utility-scale segment and in areas of high solar insolation. This sort of solar technology can be thus used in smaller areas. Especially systems using high concentrator photovoltaics (HCPV), have the potential to become competitive in the near future. They possess the highest efficiency of all existing PV technologies, and a smaller photovoltaic array also reduces the balance of system costs. Currently, CPV is not used in the PV roof top segment and far less common than conventional PV systems. For regions with a high annual direct normal irradiance of 2000 kilowatt-hour (kWh) per square meter or more, the levelized cost of electricity is in the range of $0.08–$0.15 per kWh and installation cost for a 10-megawatt CPV power plant was identified to lie between €1.40–€2.20 per watt-peak (Wp).
Concentrated solar power
http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/RE_Technologies_Cost_Analysis-CSP.pdf
http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy01osti/28751.pdf
Concentrated solar power (also called concentrating solar power, concentrated solar thermal, and CSP) systems generate solar power by using mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy, onto a small area. Electricity is generated when the concentrated light is converted to heat, which drives a heat engine (usually a steam turbine) connected to an electrical power generator or powers a thermochemical reaction.
Photonics is the science of light (photon) generation, detection, and manipulation through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and detection/sensing. Though covering all light's technical applications over the whole spectrum, most photonic applications are in the range of visible and near-infrared light.
Photonic Integrated Circuits
http://www.phys.sinica.edu.tw/TIGP-NANO/Course/2008_Spring/classnotes/Nano_MHS_TIGP_20080509_Photonics.pdf
http://www.photonics.ntua.gr/OptikaDiktyaEpikoinwnias/Lecture_6_Integration.pdf
http://optoelectronics.ece.ucsb.edu/sites/default/files/shared/06387568.pdf
A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) or integrated optical circuit is a device that integrates multiple (at least two) photonic functions and as such is similar to an electronic integrated circuit. The major difference between the two is that a photonic integrated circuit provides functionality for information signals imposed on optical wavelengths typically in the visible spectrum or near infrared 850 nm-1650 nm.