But in the modern sense pertaining to the 2nd, do they exist?
Also, is martial law not by default a way to (one hopes only temporarily) "remove" the rights afforded by the 2nd?
the Militia Act of 1794 as ammended by the Dick Act of 1908 is still the law of the land.
the legal standing of every male between 16 and 60 as a member of the militia is the reason the draft is legal. you cannot draft a person who is not a member of the militia, since the draft is actually calling up individuals rather than a militia unit for service under arms.
without the Militia Act and the Dick Act there can be no national guard, no reserves, and no army or airforce, since all these organizations are created through an elaborate fictionalization of the principles in the Militia Act and the Dick Act.
the militias are still mandated, every state is required to have one, but the milita of each state is now operated by the federal government as the "Organized Militia" which is the national guard and every male (still male only since its a responsibility not a benefit) is a member of the "Unorganized Militia" which is actually every person born a male (sorry trannies) whether they like it or not who is not a cripple, in prison, or legally insane between 16 and 60.
further those persons who fall into that category are REQUIRED to keep at their own expense a rifle of a type in common use at the time, and sufficient ammunition and "Other Equipment" sufficent to go on campaign for a month without re-supply.
since those provisions were last altered in 1908, before gun control nonsense began, the authors (the founding fathers, and the 1908 congress) we can therefore understand, were NOT talking about muskets. in 1908, semi auto and fully auto weapons were all the rage, grenades were still legal, and a person could own a personal artillery piece or cannon.
Edit: and the Militia Act and the Dick Act are periodically re-evaluated by the armed forces committees of the congress to determine if they need updating. the last review as i recall, was in 1997. no changes were made.