Yes, it can. Cruise missiles can take out rail and highway traffic with ease. Troop movements above the platoon scale could also equally be taken out with guided missiles and smart bombs.
They would be relegated to very, very small movements and even those are subject to drone attacks at will.
The U.S. Navy can do all of that alone. The only reason anybody else is needed is for an actual occupation/ground war invasion.
Or, combined arms. Not a difference worth quibbling about.
None of our technologies are immune to bring copied by our adversaries and we've been rather irresponsible in our stewardship of world affairs in the last 40 years, thus creating plenty of incentive for other nations to develop them.
I'm sure our military planners have been developing scenarios for dealing with this eventuality, but they cannot foresee everything. I believe our navy is vulnerable to a large scale attack comprised of hundreds or thousands of small smart autonomous weapons like smart drones.
Not all would survive, but only a few would need to reach their targets in order to cripple them and eliminate their offensive capability. Stopping EVERY such drone is nearly impossible.
Our navy is highly adept at fighting the last war; this is the common and ancient problem of the dominant extant military power. It's a problem because the next war is always different from the last, precisely because the attacker is foolish to attack into strength but rather seeks to exploit weakness.
The one thing the Navy can't do is take and hold territory inland. Again, a combined arms approach allows the army to do it with naval support, even from a great distance. Yet here too, autonomous smart devices can effectively interdict military personnel; robots fighting people. These robots need not look like or act like the humans they're designed to destroy; they merely need to be quicker.
Autonomous machinery, therefore, is the grunt of the future; humans will be far too slow and vulnerable. Desert Storm was fought and won in days; robots will do it in hours- with much less prep time.